欧盟环境规制对我国家电出口的绿色壁垒效应

运用引力模型分析环境规制的贸易效应的文献可以分为三类:考察总体的环境规制严度对双边贸易流量总量的影响,不针对行业和具体产品;考察某行业的环境规制严度对该行业双边贸易流量的影响,不针对具体产品;考察具体的环境规制措施对相关产品的进出口的影响。其环境规制严度的测度有横向赋值法、横向指数法及限量法。本文采用引力模型,对我国空调、显示器、真空吸尘器、电吹风机、微波炉1990年至2006年向欧盟十国的年度出口量进行面板数据分析,合并考察欧盟EMC、ROHS与WEEE及生态标签对我国家电产品出口是否产生壁垒效应。本文拓展出环境规制严度变量的纵向赋值法,按规制措施的影响强弱对环境规制严度变量赋予不同的增加幅度,在时间序列数据中如何对先后实施多项环境规制措施进行计量分析的问题取得突破。结果显示:所考察的欧盟环境规制措施对我国五种家电产品的出口已构成绿色贸易壁垒。这一结果为欧盟环境规制构成绿色壁垒的论断提供了经验分析的证据。     

Carbaryl, 2,4-D,and Triclopyr Adsorption in Thatch-Soil Ecosystems

Thatch development in intensively managed turf sites may cause environmental concerns for greater sorption or leaching of applied chemicals in terrestrial ecosystems. To determine the adsorption potential of Carbaryl (1-Napthyl N-methylcarbamate), 2,4-D (2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid), and Triclopyr (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyloxyacetic acid) in turf ecosystems, composite thatch and underlying soil samples from three- and six-year-old stands of cool-season Southshore creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) and warm-season Meyer zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) were collected. The samples were processed and analyzed for total organic carbon (C_Org); extractable (C_Ext), humic (C_HA) and fulvic acid (C_FA); anthrone reactive nonhumic carbon (ARC) fractions; and C_HA and C_FA associated iron (Fe) contents. Pesticide adsorption capacity (K _f ) and intensity (1/n), organic carbon partition coefficient (K _OC ) and Gibbs free energy change (Δ G) were calculated for thatch materials and the underlying soils using a modified batch/flow technique. Both bentgrass (BT) and zoysiagrass thatch (ZT) contained a greater concentration of C_Ext, C_FA, C_HA, and ARC than the respective soils (BS and ZS). The C_Ext, C_FA, C_HA, and ARC concentration was higher in BT compared with ZT. The BT contained a greater concentration of bound Fe in both C_FA and C_HA fractions than in BS, whereas ZT had more bound Fe in C_HA fraction than in ZS. On average, the BT had a greater concentration of bound Fe in C_Ext, C_FA, and C_HA fractions than in the ZT. Among the pesticides, Carbaryl had higher K _f and 1/n values than 2,4-D and Triclopyr for both thatch and soil. Although the K _OC and Δ G values of Carbaryl were higher in both BT and ZT than in the underlying soils, the K _OC and Δ G values of 2,4-D were significantly higher in BS and ZS than in the overlying thatch materials. The 2,4-D and Triclopyr had higher leaching indices (LI) than Carbaryl for both BT and ZT materials than the respective soils. The Carbaryl, however, had a higher LI for soils than for thatch materials. Averaged across thatch materials and soils, C_Org accounted for 96, 85, and 84% variations in Carbaryl, 2,4-D, and Triclopyr adsorption, respectively. Among the C_Org fractions, lignin followed by C_FA and C_HA accounted for greater adsorption of pesticides, especially Carbaryl. The concentration of C_HA and C_FA bound Fe did not correlate with K _f and 1/n values of pesticides.     

Use of embodied energy and ecological footprinting to assess the global environmental impact of consumption in an Irish city-region

The objective of this paper is to compare the carbon emissions produced as a result of product consumption by the residents of an Irish city-region, that is Limerick City and its environs. The resulting carbon footprints are used to compare imports of food items, manufactured products and construction materials with domestic production as well as changes between 1996 and 2002. The total ecological footprints (EF) associated with product consumption are also calculated by aggregating the theoretical land required to sequester carbon emissions and the terrestrial land area appropriated for agricultural production and industrial activity. It is suggested that this approach be used to allocate producer or consumer responsibility for environmental impacts from trade.     

中国加入WTO所面临的机遇与挑战2001年10月在伦敦"中英论坛"上就"经济全球化中的环境与贸易"议题的发言

论述了环境与贸易的关系、中国加入WTO的环境影响,指出中国在处理环境与贸易问题上应遵循国际上公认的基本原则.     

良好环境权视角下的环境标准制度

环境标准是环境科学中经常出现的一个概念，它对环境法的制定和实施都发挥着十分重要的作用。选取了良好环境权这一视角，对环境标准制度展开论述。在分别介绍了环境标准和良好环境权的基本内容之后，对两者的互动关系进行了分析；在此基础上，文章对有关环境标准的两个难题作了深入的探讨，希望对这方面的研究有所助益。     

排污收费制度与排污权交易制度的比较研究

实现“十一五”规划纲要中关于总量控制的战略目标，在采用排污收费政府管制手段防治污染的同时，把排污权交易制度作为实施总量控制目标的主要手段来抓，具有重要的理论和实际意义。本文就排污收费制度与排污权交易制度各方面存在的异同，讨论并指出排污权交易制度存在的必要性，把排污权交易制度作为一种过渡性措施加以构建，缓解经济发展与环境保护的矛盾，实现人与自然的和谐发展。     

碳减排问题刍议

全球气候变化对人类的生存和发展造成的负面影响已是一个不争的事实。将减少碳排放量融入可持续发展已成为全世界的共识。文章主要从宏观的角度,通过追溯国际碳减排任务的确定、减排发展机制产生的历史背景和我国碳排放现状及趋势分析,论述了国际碳减排方式对我国的机遇和挑战。     

虚拟仿真实训教学在高职国际贸易专业中的应用

针对高职院校国际贸易专业教学中校内实训与实际岗位需求脱节、不能激发学生的实践能力等问题,提出虚拟仿真实训教学在国际贸易专业中的应用,包括虚拟仿真实训教学的构建思路、实训体系的建立、实训内容和效果的评估、基于仿真外贸业务流程的实训平台建设。     

高氨氮浓度下的亚硝化过程及其影响因素研究

利用小试 CSTR反应器对高氨氮浓度条件下的亚硝化过程进行了试验研究 ,结果表明 :35℃时 ,在无污泥回流的情况下 ,运行 2 6 d后即实现了亚硝化 ,从第 73d开始出水中检测不出 NO3- ;在增加了连续污泥回流的情况下 ,反应器的运行更稳定 ,且出水中仍检测不到 NO3- ;反应器内的污泥具有很高的氨氧化活性 ,其最大氨氧化速率可达 3.0 1 kg N H+ 4- N / ( kg VSS· d) ;并利用间歇试验对 p H和 DO等对氨氧化速率的影响进行了研究     

饮食业油烟净化技术与应用

近年来,饮食业油烟污染已成为城市大气污染的主要来源之一.比较分析了目前国内使用的几类油烟净化设备的性能及应用现状,提出不同规模的饮食业单位应选择的油烟净化技术.通过比较发现,静电油烟净化技术和静电复合式油烟净化技术是目前国内油烟净化技术的主流,并提出等离子体技术、催化燃烧技术是今后油烟净化的发展趋势.