舰船通信系统电磁兼容设计分析

水面舰船综合通信系统集成度高、功能强大、系统各指标相互关联,因此进行通信系统电磁兼容设计有相当的技术难度,本文为保证舰船综合通信系统多频段、多业务、多电台正常协调地工作,提供了电磁兼容设计的方法。     

抽出式通风机数量对地铁区间隧道通风排烟能力影响的实验研究*

为量化抽出式通风机及其数量对排烟道与行车道内流量分配的影响,提出1个新的量化指标——通风排烟系统性能系数,即为抽出式与压入式通风机组合功耗与排烟体积流量的比值。为确立通风排烟系统性能系数,依托某过海区间隧道,搭建隧道通风排烟模型实验系统,测定排烟道与行车道所构成的风道内流动参数。结果表明:以吊顶排烟口为镜像面,行车道静压对称分布;对于行车道速度而言,双压二抽表现为对称分布,双压一抽为近对称,双压零抽为偏置分布;偏置分布的排烟道速度出现在双压一抽中,近对称属于双压零抽,对称显现于双压二抽。将数据进行分析计算后可知,性能系数最低的是双压零抽两通风机组合。     

生产车间安全管理状况的区间数模糊综合评价方法研究

针对生产车间安全管理状况评价的多维多层次性和不确定性,运用区间数模糊综合评价方法对其进行综合评价.该方法基于层次分析和模糊综合评价的基本原理,对于单因素权重、综合评价权重、各指标评分和评价集中评价等级水平均采用区间数,以使评价更符合客观实际.研究了区间数层次分析综合排序权重的确定,建立了区间数模糊综合评价模型.在得出生产车间安全管理状况综合评价区间数得分之后,引入了区间数排序可能度和区间数符合度的概念,提出了由综合评价结果得分区间数确定评价水平等级的方法.通过实例分析,验证了该评价方法的可行性.     

不同评估方法得出的五氯酚的PNEC值的比较研究

预测的无效应浓度(PNEC)是进行风险污染物水生态安全管理的重要依据,一直是水环境风险管理者研究的热点.为了比较不同评估方法对PNEC计算结果的影响,以五氯酚(PCP)的PNEC值评估为例,使用点评估、统计评估和区间评估进行PCP的PNEC值研究,并对这几种方法进行比较,同时对控制PNEC值大小的主要影响因素进行了分析.结果表明,由点评估通过急慢性毒性数据和评估因子获得的PCP的PNEC值分别为0.420μg·L-1和0.500μg·L-1,相差不大;由统计评估的probit和logit单位法获得的PCP的PNEC值分别为10.1μg·L-1和8.10μg·L-1;由区间评估获得的PNEC-L95%和PNEC-L50%的值分别为6.00μg·L-1和11.8μg·L-1,可见由统计评估和区间评估获得的PNEC值比较接近,而点评估获得的PNEC值比其它两种方法低一到两个数量级;并且毒性数据类型和统计模型对毒性数据量丰富的PCP的PNEC值的得出影响不大.因此统计评估和区间评估可以被选为数据量较丰富的化合物如PCP的PNEC值的计算方法,其结果比点评估计算出的PNEC值更具有可信度.     

地理信息系统在水环境功能区划工作中的应用

运用GIS技术对水环境功能区划进行了详细的描述，并对今后环保工作中实际应用进行了探讨。     

Chemical composition and source apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 in different functional areas of Lanzhou, China

To elucidate the air pollution characteristics of northern China, airborne PM_10(atmospheric dynamic equivalent diameter ≤ 10 μm) and PM_(2.5)(atmospheric dynamic equivalent diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) were sampled in three different functional areas(Yuzhong County,Xigu District and Chengguan District) of Lanzhou, and their chemical composition(elements, ions, carbonaceous species) was analyzed. The results demonstrated that the highest seasonal mean concentrations of PM_10(369.48 μg/m~3) and PM_(2.5)(295.42 μg/m~3) were detected in Xigu District in the winter, the lowest concentration of PM_(2.5)(53.15 μg/m~3) was observed in Yuzhong District in the fall and PM_10(89.60 μg/m~3) in Xigu District in the fall.The overall average OC/EC(organic carbon/elemental carbon) value was close to the representative OC/EC ratio for coal consumption, implying that the pollution of Lanzhou could be attributed to the burning of coal. The content of SNA(the sum of sulfate, nitrate,ammonium, SNA) in PM_(2.5)in Yuzhong County was generally lower than that at other sites in all seasons. The content of SNA in PM_(2.5)and PM_10 in Yuzhong County was generally lower than that at other sites in all seasons(0.24–0.38), indicating that the conversion ratios from precursors to secondary aerosols in the low concentration area was slower than in the area with high and intense pollutants. Six primary particulate matter sources were chosen based on positive matrix factorization(PMF) analysis, and emissions from dust, secondary aerosols, and coal burning were identified to be the primary sources responsible for the particle pollution in Lanzhou.