安全投资决策的可变模糊优选方法

合理进行安全投资,实现企业本质安全,是建立企业安全生产长效机制的有效途径之一,对社会生产的良性发展起着至关重要的作用。在分析了安全投资决策问题和重要性概念的基础上,提出了一种客观确定指标重要性的可变模糊优选方法。该方法首先利用灰色关联分析确定各指标的重要性排列顺序,然后对各指标进行重要性的二元比较以确定权重向量,最后依据指标特征值矩阵,结合指标权重向量,计算各方案在不同模型下的相对优属度向量,进而得到平均相对优属度向量,并以此进行决策。通过实例评价及分析,可变模糊优选方法科学实用,计算过程简单易懂,能够提高决策的可靠性,评价结果清晰展现了企业以往安全投资状况,为今后科学合理地制定安全投资策略指明了方向。     

生命价值评估与死亡赔偿

在成本-收益分析过程中,生命价值评估为政府确定公共政策收益提供依据。论述生命价值的基本涵义;用劳动市场上的内涵工资法通过分析工资-风险均衡关系来研究生命统计价值,在工人的期望效用曲线与企业的等利润曲线的切点上,企业正常经营,工人实现期望效用最大化。通过对提供曲线求导得到生命价值。生命价值并不针对确定的死亡问题,把生命价值作为死亡赔偿的依据,是对生命价值概念的误解,混淆了生命价值的应用范围。我国法律法规以收入水平为基础确定意外死亡赔偿标准,其实质是人力资本法。     

An Overall Index of Environmental Quality in Coal Mining Areas and Energy Facilities

An approach to measuring environmental quality and trends in coal mining and industrial areas was attempted in this work. For this purpose, the establishment of a reference scale characterizing the status of environmental quality is proposed by developing an Environmental Quality Index (EQI). The methodology involves three main components: social research, the opinion of environmental experts, and the combination of new or existing indices. A survey of public opinion was carried out to identify the main environmental problems in the region of interest. Environmental experts carried out a survey, and the weights of specific environmental problems were obtained through a fuzzy Delphi method and pairwise comparison. The weight attributed to each environmental problem was computed, using new or existing indices (subindices) in the relevant literature. The EQI comprises a combination of the subindices with their own weights. The methodology was applied to a heavily industrialized coal basin in northwestern Macedonia, Greece. The results show that the new index may be used as a reliable tool for evaluating environmental quality in different areas. In addition, the study of EQI trends on an interannual basis can provide useful information on the efficiency of environmental policies already implemented by the responsible authorities.     

柴油发电机组在高层民用建筑消防设计中的选用

阐述了柴油发电机组在高层民用建筑消防设计中的容量计算、选型等问题。     

建筑施工现场危险区域主客观双线路风险评估研究

危险源是危险区域分析的基础,在国家强调工业安全的背景下,建筑工程施工现场危险区域的安全管理显得尤为重要,但目前相关领域缺乏系统的识别方法与评估框架.在考虑危险区域的阶段性与空间性的基础上,将主客观双线路评估应用于建筑施工现场危险区域的风险评估.主观路线采用失效模式与影响分析(FMEA)方法实施,并利用综合加权模糊TOP...     

模糊评判模型在边坡稳定性评价中的应用

本文以澜沧江中下游流域边坡稳定性评价为实例，为模型评判模型的应用问题和处理技术进行了论述。认为该模型简便实用、效果稳健、适应性强，是边坡稳定性评价工作中适宜推广的一个实用模型。此外，文中还提出了用于模型评判模型的信息检验法，讨论了这一方法在遴选有效评价因子和优化模型效能中的作用。     

A method for assessing environmental risk: A case study of Green Bay,Lake Michigan,USA

The Science Advisory Board of the US Environmental Protection Agency has recommended that risk reduction strategies become the centerpiece of environmental protection. The goal in developing such strategies is to identify opportunities for greatest reduction of ecological risks. This is a perspective that is significantly more comprehensive than the traditional focus on human health risks arising from environmental degradation. The identification of ecological risks upon which environmental protection efforts should be focused requires an ecological risk assessment methodology that is based on anthropogenic stressors affecting an ecosystem and a set of impaired use criteria. A methodology based on this concept is developed and discussed in this article. The methodology requires that risk values be assigned to each ecosystem stressor-impaired use pair that reflect the degree to which the given stressor contributes to ecosystem risk as measured by the given impaired use criterion. Once these data are available, mathematical analyses based on concepts from fuzzy set theory are performed to obtain a ranking of ecosystem stressors. The methodology has been tested by applying it to a case study involving Green Bay of Lake Michigan. A workshop was held in which 11 persons with extensive knowledge of the Green Bay ecosystem determined risk values through a group-consensus process. The analytical portion of the methodology was then used to rank the ecosystem risks (stressors) from several perspectives, including prevention management and remediation management. The overall conclusion of the workshop participants was that the fuzzy set decision model is a useful and effective methodology for differentiating environmental risk.     

Predictability by Box-Behnken model for carbaryl adsorption by soils of Indian origin

This study was undertaken to investigate the adsorption capacity of carbaryl on four Indian soils with different physiochemical properties. A batch adsorption study was carried out in order to evaluate the maximum adsorption capacity of carbaryl using a Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The effects of operating parameter such as initial carbaryl concentration (1–20 mgL^?1), adsorbent dosage (0.5–6 g) and contact time (10–180 min) were examined. The proposed quadratic model for Box-Behnken design fits very well to the experimental data because it may be used to navigate design space according to ANOVA results. The regression co-efficient (R²) of the models developed and the results of validation experiments conducted at optimal conditions strongly suggests that the predicted values are in good agreement with experimental results. Contour and response surface plots are used to determine the interactions effects of main factors and optimal conditions of the process. The experiment can be utilized as a guideline for better understanding of carbaryl adsorption onto soil under different operating conditions. The results show that the forest soil is most efficient in binding carbaryl (Sevin) than the other types of soil tested.     

矿井通风网络模糊优化数学模型及其数值解法

在两种经典矿井通风网络非线性规划模型的基础上,提出了矿井通风网络的模糊优化数学模型,为使矿井通风分析过程和分析结果更符合工程实际情况提供了一条新途径。介绍了所提出的模糊优化问题的数值解法,以直接搜索为出发点,加快并简化了求解优越支集问题,程序简单,计算省时,给出了算法原理,并用实例进行了计算,结果令人满意     

用模糊数学和层次分析法进行城市综合环境质量评价

介绍了一种用模糊数学和层次分析法进行城市综合环境质量评价的方法,并用此方法对乌鲁木齐市的城市综合环境质量进行了评价,取得了较为满意的结果.