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231.
Rodney L. Clouser William L. Miller 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1980,16(3):453-458
ABSTRACT: A study was undertaken to determine the effect of water intensive appliances or activities on household water consumption. Activities included in the study were use of the washing machine, dishwasher, swimming pool, and lawn watering. In the majority of cases these activities increased per capita consumption and were statistically significant. Households included in the study were not familiar with water saving devices available in the retail market. Even if tehse appliances were purchased, private economic benefits to the household would be low due to the inexpensive water charges levied. However, aggregate community benefits could be large if new well drilling cost or increase in storage facilities could be avoided. In order to avoid these increased costs, regulation or subsidy programs may be the most efficient policy alternatives available to the communities. Subsidies and regulation could potentially decrease water use and offer alternatives to increasing the water supply. 相似文献
232.
“限塑令”发布后的变化与反响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对国务院办公厅下发“限塑令”后的变化与反响以及出现的问题等进行了全面分析,并在此基础上,综合阐述了国内各大媒体针对“限塑令”在推行过程中存在的问题提出的若干切中实际的应对策略。主要包括:如何理解和贯彻“限塑令”这个利国利民的“国策”,如何将“限塑”作为一项造福人类的系统工程来实施,如何将“限塑”引入到改善环境、节约资源、培养健康生活习惯的良性循环轨道上来等意见和建议。 相似文献
233.
影视剧组在风景区的拍摄活动,往往造成风景区的环境破坏。文章首先对风景区中影视拍摄所造成的破坏类型进行分析,然后从相关责任主体方面探讨造成该问题的原因,最后根据环境规制发展的趋势,提出风景区中影视拍摄的规制对策:政府部门的强制性规制和影视剧组的自愿性规制两者相结合。 相似文献
234.
The paper reviews the history of Bay-Delta decision-making in California in order to highlight the continuity between what happened with CALFED and what happened in the preceding decades since water project deliveries began in 1949. Throughout this period, there has been intense conflict about whether and how to transfer water from the Bay-Delta to users elsewhere—a conflict marked by a fundamental opposition of interests among stakeholders. We document how the State of California has failed to organize itself effectively to resolve this conflict and make a decision on how to manage the Delta. The strategy consistently adopted by the State was to encourage the main parties – agricultural and urban water diverters, and fisheries and other instream-protection interests – to work out a solution among themselves, rather than imposing one externally. However, economic theory suggests that a bargaining solution is unlikely to exist because of the extreme opposition of interest among the parties. The Bay-Delta history amply confirms this theoretical prediction. Thus, the State's strategy of relying on voluntary agreement to resolve the issue is fundamentally misconceived and is, at some level, an abdication of its responsibility. 相似文献
235.
236.
基于CCR模型的工业园区企业环境绩效管理系统 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以数据包络分析法(DEA)的CCR绩效评价模型为内核,绩效评价函数与环境调控函数为工具,建立了工业园企业环境绩效管理系统,并利用该系统对南通农药工业园企业环境绩效管理进行了实证研究.利用绩效评价函数对园区20家同类型企业进行评价的结果显示,其中7家企业达到环境相对高效;根据环境调控函数计算结果,各企业环境绩效调控总量与绩效评价排序高度相关.实证研究结果表明,该环境绩效管理系统可为园区企业环境调控提出定量化的调整建议,为园区发展循环经济、建设生态型工业园提供有效的管理工具. 相似文献
237.
Glucocorticosteroids (GCs) of the hypothalam–pituitary–adrenal axis play a role in association with both stressful events
and daily life processes. However, relatively little is known about the role of GCs in relation to daily and seasonal life
processes in animals in the wild. In this paper, we present data on basal levels of plasma corticosterone CORT in chicks of
a pelagic seabird, the thin-billed prion, Pachyptila belcheri, during two predictable changes in demands, the daily activity pattern and the preparation for fledging. By comparing chicks
fed recently with unfed chicks, we test how GC levels are modified according to nutritional condition. In accordance with
their nocturnal feeding rhythm, chicks had a clear daily rhythm with increased CORT secretion at night, but CORT levels during
the active phase were also highly elevated in unfed chicks compared with fed chicks. Close to fledging, chicks rapidly increased
basal CORT levels, and again unfed chicks had higher levels than fed chicks, although the age effect here was stronger than
the effect of recent feeding. The present data thus support the hypothesis that GC levels are adjusted to life stages with
predictable changes in demands, but food availability and/or internal energy stores also affect the level to which GCs increase. 相似文献
238.
介绍了目前国内实施GHS的现状及面临的问题,通过分析《欧盟物质和混合物的分类、标签和包装法规》(CLP法规)的特点及其与GHS的异同,为我国实施GHS提出建议。 相似文献
239.
240.