Mapping giant salvinia with satellite imagery and image analysis

QuickBird multispectral satellite imagery was evaluated for distinguishing giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta Mitchell) in a large reservoir in east Texas. The imagery had four bands (blue, green, red, and near-infrared) and contained 11-bit data. Color-infrared (green, red, and near-infrared bands), normal color (blue, green and red bands), and four-band composite (blue, green, red, and near-infrared bands) images were studied. Unsupervised image analysis was used to classify the imagery. Accuracy assessments performed on the classification maps of the three composite images had producer’s and user’s accuracies for giant salvinia ranging from 87.8 to 93.5%. Color-infrared, normal color, and four-band satellite imagery were excellent for distinguishing giant salvinia in a complex field habitat.     

环境一号卫星环境应用系统工程及其关键技术研究进展

简介长达11年的国家重点项目“环境一号卫星环境应用系统工程及其关键技术研究”的核心内容及其重要研究成果,对环境一号卫星系统需求分析、设计理论、研制发射和运行应用全过程进行了完整的研究与实践,为环境一号卫星系统的建设、应用和业务运行奠定了重要基础。     

成都大气污染物在焚烧秸秆时的溯源初步探究

在空气污染指数(API)的数据基础上,结合卫星遥感、气团后向轨迹及气象数据,通过初步分析秸秆焚烧对本地及区域范围输送对城市空气质量影响,研究不同空气污染类型(本地型、本地区域相结合型、输送型)特征,探索重污染条件的大气污染物溯源方法。     

环境一号卫星CCD数据在太湖蓝藻水华遥感监测中的应用

利用环境一号卫星(HJ-1)CCD数据,对太湖水华进行遥感监测,并比对同时相的EOS/MODIS卫星遥感数据。结果表明,HJ-1星CCD数据具有优于EOS/MODIS数据的蓝藻水华识别能力,并有良好抗云层干扰能力,适合用于太湖蓝藻水华应急监测。     

Measuring Water Storage Fluctuations in Lake Dongting, China, by Topex/Poseidon Satellite Altimetry

Although satellite radar altimetry was developed and optimized for open oceans, it has been used to monitor variations in the level of inland water-bodies such as lakes and rivers. Here, for the first time, we have further used the altimetry-derived variation of water level for estimating the fluctuation of water storage as an addition to the present in situ water storage estimation systems to be used in remote areas and in emergency situation such as in the events flooding monitoring and for studying the effect of climate change. Lake Dongting, the second largest lake in China, influenced frequently by flooding, was, therefore, chosen to demonstrate the potential of the technique. By using the concept of an “assumed reference point”, we converted Topex/Poseidon satellite altimetry data on water level variations in Lake Dongting to “water level” data. The “water level” time-series data and in situ water storage were used to establish a rating curve. From the rating curve, we converted data on “water level” derived from seven years (1993–1999) of Topex/Poseidon data to actual water storage in Lake Dongting. The result reveals that the seasonal and annual fluctuations of water storage occurred during the 1990s with a more frequent flooding at the late 1990s' especially the flooding in whole catchment level in 1998 and 1999. The study supports the usefulness of satellite altimetry for dense and continuous monitoring of the temporal variations in water dynamic in moderate to large lakes.     

非常规突发事件现场应急指挥平台设计与实现

通过研究非常规突发事件以及现场救援指挥的特点和规律,分析应急救援现场指挥业务需求,运用基于XML的Web Service模型,实现跨地区、跨平台信息共享;综合运用卫星通信、3G网络、WebGIS等技术实现突发事件现场与外界远程通信;运用松散耦合、多层设计、分布式等设计理念,集成软件系统和硬件设备,形成便携式指挥平台。该平台可实现图文信息和视频信息远程传输、现场信息快速记录、指挥命令远程传输、跨平台地理信息搜索与显示、气象信息显示、预案查询和知识库查询等7种功能。     

Long‐Range Movement of Humpback Whales and Their Overlap with Anthropogenic Activity in the South Atlantic Ocean

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are managed by the International Whaling Commission as 7 primary populations that breed in the tropics and migrate to 6 feeding areas around the Antarctic. There is little information on individual movements within breeding areas or migratory connections to feeding grounds. We sought to better understand humpback whale habitat use and movements at breeding areas off West Africa, and during the annual migration to Antarctic feeding areas. We also assessed potential overlap between whale habitat and anthropogenic activities. We used Argos satellite‐monitored radio tags to collect data on 13 animals off Gabon, a primary humpback whale breeding area. We quantified habitat use for 3 cohorts of whales and used a state‐space model to determine transitions in the movement behavior of individuals. We developed a spatial metric of overlap between whale habitat and models of cumulative human activities, including oil platforms, toxicants, and shipping. We detected strong heterogeneity in movement behavior over time that is consistent with previous genetic evidence of multiple populations in the region. Breeding areas for humpback whales in the eastern Atlantic were extensive and extended north of Gabon late in the breeding season. We also observed, for the first time, direct migration between West Africa and sub‐Antarctic feeding areas. Potential overlap of whale habitat with human activities was the highest in exclusive economic zones close to shore, particularly in areas used by both individual whales and the hydrocarbon industry. Whales potentially overlapped with different activities during each stage of their migration, which makes it difficult to implement mitigation measures over their entire range. Our results and existing population‐level data may inform delimitation of populations and actions to mitigate potential threats to whales as part of local, regional, and international management of highly migratory marine species. Cuantificación de los Movimientos de Gran Amplitud y el Traslape Potencial con Actividad Antropogénica y las Ballenas Jorobadas en el Océano Atlántico Sur     

基于卫星和地面观测的2013年以来我国臭氧时空分布及变化特征

采用卫星和地面观测臭氧（O₃）浓度,分析2013年以来我国O₃的时空分布和年际变化特征.卫星观测对流层O₃总量和地面观测O₃浓度分布相互印证,我国高浓度O₃主要分布在东部人口密集、经济发达的区域,并且呈现夏季高、冬季低的季节分布趋势.4个重点关注城市（北京、上海、广州、成都）O₃日变化均呈现单峰分布,最高值在每日15：00~16：00.统计分析发现,4个城市除上海市之外,其他3个城市O₃浓度在周末和工作日没有显著差别,表明O₃的"周末效应"减弱.2013年4月~2018年6月,我国地面观测O₃浓度呈现明显上升趋势.2014~2017年,北京、上海和成都市近地面O₃浓度分别以2.36、3.3和3.6 μg·（m³·a）^-1的速度显著上升.4个城市2014~2017年O₃超标天数占比分别为17.2%（北京）、10.7%（上海）、8.8%（广州）和11.2%（成都）,北京市O₃超标天数最多、超标期间O₃浓度最高,O₃污染最为严重.     

基于深度学习方法的PM2.5精细化时空估算模型

提出一种基于深度学习方法的地面PM_2.5浓度时空估算模型（PM_2.5-DNN）,该模型基于葵花-8卫星反演的AOD数据,结合PM_2.5监测站和气象站点观测数据对北京市地面PM_2.5浓度进行了逐时的高精度模拟,同时将PM_2.5-DNN模型的模拟性能与当前的主流方法进行了对比研究.结果表明,使用PM_2.5-DNN模型估算的北京地区1km分辨率每小时地面PM_2.5浓度与地表监测站观测数据对比的一致性较好,模型估算精度可达到R²=0.88,性能优于当前的主流方法.本文所提出的方法适用于区域尺度PM_2.5浓度时空分布细粒度建模与估算,采用端到端的训练方式构建模型,为精细的PM_2.5浓度估算提供了一个简便而有效的方法模型.     

基于GF1_WFV的千岛湖水体叶绿素a浓度时空变化

基于高分一号（GF-1）遥感影像以及水体实测样点数据,运用波段对数组合,以千岛湖为研究对象,构建和择优了叶绿素a浓度反演模型,对2013~2019年千岛湖区域水体叶绿素a浓度值进行了估算,并利用变异系数、Mann-Kendall显著性检验模型、Theil-Sen趋势分析模型对其时空变化特征进行了分析.研究表明,基于波段对数组合的反演模型可用于千岛湖清洁水体叶绿素a浓度值的反演（R²=0.8976）;年际变化分析发现,在研究期限内,千岛湖水体叶绿素a浓度平均值维持在较低水平,近94%的水体像元叶绿素a浓度小于3.65μg/L,水质较佳;时空动态分析进一步发现,千岛湖水体叶绿素a浓度值大都经历了较为微小的波动变化,其中,有超过67%的水体像元浓度值呈现出微小的增长趋势,在分布上也呈现出一定的空间格局形态.