基于环境减灾卫星遥感数据的呼伦贝尔草地地上生物量反演研究

推动国产遥感卫星在资源环境领域中的应用对于促进我国航天事业发展、减少科研成本具有重要意义。我国近期发射的环境减灾卫星具有时间分辨率高、可获得高光谱影像的特点,在陆地资源遥感监测领域将有广阔发展空间。研究于2009年夏季获得三景呼伦贝尔草原区遥感影像和对应地面实测草地生物量信息,基于这些数据探讨了利用环境减灾卫星多光谱影像和植被指数反演草地生物量的可行性。结果表明基于影像提取的NDVI、OSAVI、MSAVI、SAVI、EVI、MTVI2、WDRVI和GNDVI等光谱指数均与草地生物量有较好的定量关系。其中,MTVI2结果最好,预测决定系数达0.61,交叉检验决定系数为0.58,均方根误差仅为58.6 g.m-2,基于MTVI2和环境减灾卫星多光谱影像可准确生成草地生物量空间分布图。     

大型灾害事故现场消防通信保障方法研究

本文分析了当前大型灾害事故救援中消防通信存在的问题,明确了灾害中高效的通信系统所应具有的特点和功能,结合卫星通信技术发展应用状况及消防部队现有装备情况,给出了应建立以卫星通信为主,其他通信方式为辅的消防应急救援通信系统。     

Using historical spy satellite photographs and recent remote sensing data to identify high-conservation-value forests

High-conservation-value forests (HCVFs) are critically important for biodiversity and ecosystem service provisioning, but they face many threats. Where systematic HCVF inventories are missing, such as in parts of Eastern Europe, these forests remain largely unacknowledged and therefore often unprotected. We devised a novel, transferable approach for detecting HCVFs based on integrating historical spy satellite images, contemporary remote sensing data (Landsat), and information on current potential anthropogenic pressures (e.g., road infrastructure, population density, demand for fire wood, terrain). We applied the method to the Romanian Carpathians, for which we mapped forest continuity (1955–2019), canopy structural complexity, and anthropogenic pressures. We identified 738,000 ha of HCVF. More than half of this area was identified as susceptible to current anthropogenic pressures and lacked formal protection. By providing a framework for broad-scale HCVF monitoring, our approach facilitates integration of HCVF into forest conservation and management. This is urgently needed to achieve the goals of the European Union's Biodiversity Strategy to maintain valuable forest ecosystems.     

Evaluation of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Satellite Rainfall Products over the Lower Colorado River Basin,Texas

Quality of precipitation products from the Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement mission (IMERG) was evaluated over the Lower Colorado River Basin of Texas. Observations of several rainfall events of a wide range of magnitudes during May 2015 by a very dense network of 241 rain gauges over the basin were used as a reference. The impact of temporal and spatial downscaling of different satellite products (near/post‐real‐time) on their accuracy was studied. Generally, all IMERG products perform better when the temporal and spatial resolutions are downscaled. The Final product shows relatively better performance compared to the near‐real‐time products in terms of basic performance measures; however, regarding rainfall detection, all products show nearly similar performance. When considering rainfall detection, IMERG adequately captures the precipitation events; however, in terms of spatial patterns and accuracy, more improvements are needed. IMERG products analysis results may help developers gain insight into the regional performance of the product, improve the product algorithms, and provide information to end users on the products’ suitability for potential hydrometeorological applications. Overall, the IMERG products, even the uncalibrated product at its finest resolution, showed reasonable performance indicating their great potential for applications such as water resources management, prevention of natural disasters, and flood forecasting.     

基于气象卫星分形纹理的云雾分离研究

在研究了卫星图像上雾的光谱和纹理结构特征的基础上,采用差分盒维数计算模型对气象卫星遥感图像中的云雾进行了纹理分析和分离。采用划分、计算卫星图像各连通域,分别求取各连通域加权分形维数,进而设定维数阈值的方法进行了雾信息提取。利用GMS—5卫星红外通道资料,进行了云雾分离试验,取得了较好的雾信息提取效果。     

北京市卫星城生活垃圾产生量的灰色预测

运用灰色理论,建立GM(1,1)模型来预测北京卫星城生活垃圾产生量。经过模型精度检验,结果表明:预测精度等级为1级,表明该方法对预测北京卫星城城市生活垃圾产生量是可行的,并运用此模型预测了2009—2020年北京卫星城生活垃圾的产生量。     

双光谱卫星云图的模糊推理云分类

基于观测事实和分类经验,在对卫星云图上云系形态特征定性分析的基础上,采用模糊推理方法,提取出云类识别的诊断判别因子和模糊推理规则。通过对判别因子的模糊化处理和隶属度函数的调制优化,建立了卫星云图定量化的模糊推理云分类模型。4种常见云系的模糊推理分类试验结果表明,模糊推理方法在定量性、客观性和自动化等方面优于传统卫星云图目视判读方法,在卫星遥感资料的分析处理和天气预报等领域有较好的实用意义。     

一次雷暴天气发生发展的水汽图和红外云图特征分析

通过MTSAT的水汽图和红外云图,结合天气图、NCEP资料、地闪实况资料和探空数据对在高空急流影响下的暗区雷暴实例进行了对比分析。结果表明:暗区雷暴在卫星云图上表现为经过白天太阳辐射对晴空区(水汽图暗区)近地面的加热作用,大气不稳定能量增加,在一定条件下,午后强雷暴时常发生发展于高空急流左侧的晴空区中;而在水汽图上,高空急流与水汽图上的干区、湿区间有明显的联系,而这些联系又与强雷暴的发生发展有密切的关系,是雷暴发生发展的重要条件;在雷暴云发展过程中,地闪时空分布在卫星云图上有着明显的对应。     

“十二五”期间秦皇岛市加强环境应急能力建设的对策

结合秦皇岛市沿海旅游城市的实际情况,指出了环境应急管理中存在的机构不健全、人员不固定、设备和经费缺乏等问题,并从队伍、装备、预案、演习、应急指挥、危险化学品运输等10个方面提出了对策,以期为环境应急管理工作提供参考。     

嵊州、新昌地震与低空大气增温异常

从嵊州、新昌地震 (1998 0 8 17T 1∶4 6ML4 5)的地震地质构造环境、卫星热红外异常与近地表大气增温异常等三个方面 ,进行了研究。认为地震前几日 ,震区及周围大面积的突发性低空大气增温异常与卫星红外异常是一种临震前兆 ,并总结了增温异常的时空演变规律与地震活动的关系。