Advanced process systems design technology for pollution prevention and waste treatment

The paper presents a generic process synthesis and optimisation tool suitable to take up applications in the design of waste treatment systems and in pollution prevention. The main component of the technology is a generalized process synthesis representation for simultaneous consideration of reaction and separation in multiphase systems that is amenable for stochastic optimisation. The flexibility of the representation allows applications to overall process synthesis problems as well as to decomposed reactor, reactive separation and mass exchange network design problems. Applications of the synthesis framework to waste water treatments processes using activated sludge and to natural gas sweetening in hybrid membrane-adsorption processes are presented. The paper highlights the use of the systematic technology in environmental systems design and shows how novel designs of improved performance as well as optimal design knowledge can be revealed using the systematic design framework. Context abstract: Environmental process systems for waste treatment and pollution prevention become increasingly complicated to design. There is a strong need for technology that provides systematic decision support to the process synthesis team in order to enable the timely selection of processes that operate close to the performance limits of the system under consideration. Conventional, optimisation-based process design technology is severely limited by the number of design decisions they can support simultaneously as well as by the increasingly complex process models required for the meaningful mathematical representation of environmental process systems. We have devised an optimisation-based process design methodology for integrated reaction and separation systems that overcomes major limitations of existing tools. This paper illustrates the use of this technology to provide systematic decision-support to the environmental process systems designer.     

沈阳市填埋场填埋气利用途径比较

通过对国外填埋气体的利用情况介绍和国内现有填埋气体利用途径的比较,得出沈阳市填埋气体适于发电的结论。     

装饰材料所致的室内空气污染

对商业、工业、住宅等不同功能区和不同室内燃料的厨房、卧室、教室等室内房间，作了空气中甲醛的本底值调查。调查表明，甲醛浓度范围为０．０００７－０．０１２５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。对１５户普通家庭装潢户的调查表明，经装潢后１年以上测得的甲醛，总烃、苯、甲苯平均浓度分别为０．０２、０．５０、０．７６、１．２５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。氯乙烯、苯乙烯未测出。其中甲醛平均浓度高出本底值２０倍，为前苏联建议的日平均浓度的１．６倍。     

环境空气中二氧化氮的测定及问题研究

通过介绍环境空气中二氧化氮的测定方法──自动仪器监测法，对有关问题进行了初步探讨和研究，为正确使用该方法和仪器，确保监测工作的顺利进行提供了依据。     

GC／MS法定量测定工业废水中半挥发性有机物

采用ＧＣ／ＭＳ方法定量测定工业废水中半挥发性有机物。研究了试样预富集方法，采用不同的预富集方法，对茶，二氢苊及苯并（ａ）芘等７种物质进行富集的结果表明，采用Ｎ２吹与Ｋ－Ｄ浓缩相结合的方法，优于其他方法，其回收率与美国ＥＰＡ－６２５方法的数据相近，回收率在９２％以上，研究了定量测定条件，以２，２′－二氟联苯为内标物质，测定不同浓度的半挥发性ＥＰＡ标准样品的响应因子Ｄ≤２５％。测定了上海焦化厂工业放心     

作业环境空气中醋酸异丁酯的气相色谱测定方法

根据国外卫生标准的要求，建立了作业环境空气中醋酸异丁酯的气相色谱分析测定方法．     

大气环境中二硫化碳分析方法的选择研究

应用气相色谱Ｎｉ＾６３电子捕获检测器，在用６２０１红色担体为基体，涂１０％ＯＶ－１０１固定液的玻璃柱上，以甲苯作吸收液，对空气中ＣＳ２进行定量检测，其最低检出浓度可达０．００５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，方法精密度好，ＳＯ２和Ｈ２Ｓ等不干扰测定，经现场实际测试，能适用于大气环境中微量ＣＳ２的分析。     

气相色谱法分离测定工业废气中乙酸乙酯、异丙醇、甲苯的方法研究

研究了用气相色谱法分离测定工业废气中乙酸乙酯、异丙醇、甲苯含量，进行了各种色谱条件选择、精密度、样品回收率、方法检出限及样品稳定性实验．     

厌氧生物处理反应器混合流态及其分析

复合流态已成为厌氧反应器工艺的设计与开发应用的发展方向。就厌氧反应器的流态分析、要求及新型厌氧处理技术(SMPA)作了系统的分析介绍 ,提出了改进厌氧处理工艺设计的思路。     

Landfill gas - a potential environmental hazard

Methane derived from the decomposition of organic material contained within a landfill may escape beyond the site boundary where it can pose an explosion or fire hazard. Methods are described to prevent die occurrence of such lateral gas migration. Problems due to the accumulation of gas in buildings, erected on landfill sites, have occurred and techniques are now available to overcome these at some sites. However, it is recognized that at other sites, redevelopment should not be allowed to take place on die grounds of safety.