Comparative studies on utilizing nitrogen capacity between two macroalgae Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui (rhodophyta) and Ulva pertusa (chlorophyta). I. Nitrogen storage under nitrogen enrichment and starvation

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｗｉｄｅｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎｏｆｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｍａｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｈａｓｏｆｔｅｎｂｅｅｎａｃｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｄｂｙｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｎａｔｕｒａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｎｄｃａｕｓｅｓｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｏｆｗａｔｅｒｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｎｔｕｒｎｌｉｍｉｔｓｉｔｓｏｗｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ (Ｃｏｈｅｎ ,1991;Ｔｒｏｅｌｌ,1997;Ｎａｙｌｏｒ,1998) .Ａｍｍｏｎｉａｉｓａｍａｊｏｒｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｏｆｔｈｅａｑｕａｔｉｃａｎｉｍａｌｍｅ…     

Experimental determination of dust cloud combustion parameters of α-AlH3 powder in its charged and fully discharged states for H2 storage applications

This study discusses results of an experimental program for determination of dust cloud combustion parameters of charged and fully discharged states of metastable alane (aluminum hydride, α-AlH₃ polymorph) powder in air. The measured characterization parameters include: maximum deflagration pressure rise (ΔP_MAX), maximum rate of pressure rise (dP/dt)_MAX, minimum ignition temperature (T_C), minimum explosible concentration (MEC), and minimum ignition energy (MIE). These measured values are used for calculating the associated explosion severity (ES) index, and volume-normalized maximum rate of pressure rise (K_St). The experimental results show values of MEC and T_C of fully discharged alane to be greater than those of the charged alane but measured MIE values are about the same. Moreover, the results show higher reactivity of fully discharged alane dust cloud in air compared to its charged state. For example, ES and K_St of discharged alane dust cloud in air are about 300% and 35% greater, respectively, than ES and K_St of charged alane dust. The higher air reactivity of fully-discharged (primarily Al powder) dust cloud compared to its charged state can be attributed to the higher surface energy (J/m²) of Al compared to that of α-AlH₃. These experimental insights have safety implications in postulated risk scenarios involving light-duty vehicles powered by PEM fuel cells. The core insights and critical data provided by this contribution are useful for supporting development and promulgation of hydrogen safety standards and augmenting property databases of hydrogen storage materials.     

乙丙橡胶热带雨林环境储存寿命预测研究

目的预测乙丙橡胶在我国热带雨林环境下的库内储存寿命。方法通过定期检测乙丙橡胶在西双版纳试验站库内储存时自由状态下的力学性能和受力状态下的压缩永久变形,压缩永久变形在储存过程中表现出较为明显的变化趋势,以压缩永久变形作为乙丙橡胶热带雨林储存时的寿命预测指标较为合理。结果在储存过程中,乙丙橡胶材料的压缩永久变形与老化时间符合幂函数关系,通过对样品的压缩永久变形数据进行处理,获得乙丙橡胶的性能变化速率常数和老化试验常数,用二分法确定老化的特征常数,建立了乙丙橡胶在西双版纳环境库内储存受力状态下的老化寿命方程。结论通过回归效果检验,老化寿命方程具有显著的回归效果。误差分析表明,老化寿命方程具有较高的可信度,可以用来预测乙丙橡胶在西双版纳实际储存时的性能变化。     

VERIFICATION AND APPLICATION OF REGIONAL EQUATIONS FOR THE STORAGE FUNCTION RUNOFF MODEL1

The storage function model is a nonlinear rainfall-runoff model that has been developed for and applied to flood runoff analysis in Japan. This paper extends the model applicability by developing practical equations for estimating model parameters which are appropriate on a regional basis, i.e., so-called regional equations. Previously, the parameters were computed from historical data for a specific basin or from relationships that do not account for land use and topography. To develop the regionalized equations, model parameters were identified for 91 flood events from 22 watersheds in Japan by applying a mathematical optimization technique. Results from 39 of these events were statistically compared and regional relationships were determined as a function of land use, basin area and rainfall intensity. The utility of the estimated equations were tested by computing runoff hydrographs for lumped basins. The estimated parameters were also applied in a distributed watershed model formulation. Both applications showed acceptable results that validate the use of the regionalized relationships.     

ABA对米槠和格氏栲种子发育的影响

采用酶联免疫分析法（ＥＬＩＳＡ） 提取和测定米槠和格氏栲发育过程中果实内ＡＢＡ含量,并用不同浓度ＡＢＡ喂养,测定果实不同发育期对外源ＡＢＡ的敏感性．用放射性同位素法测定ＡＢＡ对贮藏蛋白质的积累作用,结果表明：在米槠和格氏栲种子发育过程中内源ＡＢＡ 含量逐渐上升,两者均在１０ 月５ 日达到峰值,米槠为１６４８ ｎｇｇ,格氏栲为１ ４６８ ｎｇｇ,随后ＡＢＡ含量均逐渐下降．果实成熟采收时,ｃ（ＡＢＡ） 仅为高峰时的１９．随着果实的发育对外加ＡＢＡ的敏感性逐渐变小,ｃ（ＡＢＡ）＝１０－４ ｍｏｌＬ－１ 可以完全抑制１０ 月２５ 日（ 米槠） 和１０ 月１５ 日（ 格氏栲） 前种子发芽,但对完全成熟的种子ｃ（ＡＢＡ）＝１０－２ ｍｏｌＬ－１ 亦不能抑制发芽．ＡＢＡ 对成熟前期胚的贮藏蛋白质合成无影响,但能促进成熟中后期胚的贮藏蛋白质的积累作用,ＡＢＡ维持米槠和格氏栲贮藏蛋白质合成和积累作用表现在转录水平上．     

危险化学品仓储存在的问题和安全对策

危险化学品仓储是一种特殊商品的仓储,存在较大的事故隐患.作为危险化学品全寿命周期的一部分,仓储安全管理工作非常重要.针对危险化学品仓储管理中存在的问题,结合我国实际情况,参照国外先进的管理模式,提出了危险化学品仓储安全的要求.     

Perceptions of Manipulation and Judgments of Illegitimacy: Pitfalls in the Use of Emphasis Framing when Communicating about CO2 Capture and Storage

The mitigation of climate change requires reductions in the amount of CO₂ emitted into the atmosphere. One way to achieve this in the short run is through the implementation of CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) technology. The viability of CCS not only depends on technical and regulatory issues, but also on public attitudes. Communication plays an important role in shaping these attitudes. This paper reports on two experiments performed to examine effects of emphasis framing in CCS communications, meaning that greater weight is given to advantages of CCS over disadvantages or vice versa. Although emphasis framing can be effective in shaping attitudes, our findings suggest that there may be long-term costs to using this communication technique as it can be perceived as manipulative. Moreover, emphasis framing is judged as relatively illegitimate when the source is expected to be impartial rather than biased.     

休耕对抚仙湖周边农田土壤剖面和浅层地下水中氮累积的影响

减少外源氮投入能有效降低农田土壤氮累积和地下水氮污染,休耕是减少外源氮投入的重要措施之一.为探讨农田休耕对土壤剖面和浅层地下水中氮累积的影响,以抚仙湖周边农田土壤剖面和浅层地下水为研究对象,分析了休耕前（2017年12月）和休耕后（2020年8月和2021年4月）农田0~100 cm土壤剖面氮累积和浅层地下水中氮浓度的变化及其两者的关系.结果表明:休耕显著降低了土壤剖面氮含量和储量,休耕后0~30、30~60和60~100 cm土壤剖面TN、ON、DTN、NO₃ ^--N和NH₄ ⁺-N含量分别降低18.4 %~36.5 %、16.1 %~26.8 %、54.0 %~130.2 %、59.5 %~90.8 %和60.1 %~110.6 %.休耕前0~100 cm土壤TN、ON、DTN、 NO₃ ^--N和NH₄ ⁺-N储量分别为（17.20 ±0.97）t·hm^-2、（15.50 ±1.23）t·hm^-2、（0.68 ±0.06）t·hm^-2、（266.8 ±31.17）kg·hm^-2和（18.7 ±3.04）kg·hm^-2,休耕后各形态氮储量分别下降了25.5 %、23.3 %、44.7 %、80.1 %和59.9 %.休耕也改变了浅层地下水中氮浓度和形态构成,休耕后地下水中TN、ON、NO₃ ^--N和NH₄ ⁺-N浓度分别下降了88.4 %、82.7 %、92.1 %、65.8 %,ON/TN和NH₄ ⁺-N/TN从休耕前的26 %和6 %升高至休耕后的39 %和17 %,而NO₃ ^--N/TN从休耕前的61 %降至休耕后的41 %.地下水氮浓度和形态变化与休耕前后土壤中DTN、NH₄ ⁺-N、NO₃ ^--N和地下水中pH、ORP、DO等因素密切相关.可见,休耕有效降低了农田土壤剖面氮累积,缓解了浅层地下水氮污染,有利于防止高原湖泊的水质恶化.     

黔中喀斯特地区典型县域碳储量时空演变及多情景模拟预测：以普定县为例

探析黔中喀斯特地区典型县域碳储量时空演变和未来空间分布趋势,对优化土地生态安全格局,提升区域碳储量,促进城市低碳可持续发展具有重要意义.以黔中喀斯特地区典型县域——普定县为例,耦合PLUS-InVEST模型,基于解译的土地利用数据和未来土地预测,反演1973~2020年普定县的土地利用变化与碳储量时空演变特征,并模拟预测2060年不同情景下土地利用空间格局演变及其碳储量变化.结果表明：①1973~2020年普定县碳储量整体增加6.61×10⁵ t,呈上升趋势,空间上呈现出“东和西部上升,中南部下降”的变化特征.②普定县历史时期土地利用变化主要表现为建设用地持续扩张,有林地和灌木林地面积占比波动上升,2060年不同情景下土地利用变化延续了历史时期的变化特征.③2060年普定县在自然演变、生态保护和经济发展情景下碳储量较2020年分别增加2.93×10⁵、5.40×10⁵和1.11×10⁵ t,其中生态保护情景增加最为显著,旱地向灌木林地转移是区域固碳能力增加的主要原因.研究结果可为普定县土地利用管理决策以及减排增汇政策制定提供科学参考.     

碳捕集与封存技术适用风险预防原则的理论建构与路径完善

以碳捕集与封存为典型的新兴技术在应对气候变化上的降碳功能显著,但该技术颇具不确定性。“决策于未知”成为政府规制技术风险的真实写照,如何在鼓励碳捕集与封存技术发展,助力“双碳”目标实现的同时,应对随之而来的风险挑战与安全诉求,既是国家必须肩负的义务,也是回应公众期待的内在要求。应运而生的风险预防原则作为应对气候变化的重要举措,为技术风险规制提供了合法性与正当性基础,对于碳捕获、封存技术发展与碳中和目标实现具有重要现实意义。为此,风险预防原则在技术规制中,应当整体遵循弱风险预防理念,彰显秩序、正义和效率的多元价值诉求,实现科学理性与社会理性的平衡。在此基础上,通过多手段的综合应用,开放的风险决策结构,强化风险管理的动态调试,以预防性环境行政公益诉讼为保障,将风险预防原则融汇于碳捕集与封存技术风险规制中。