拱顶储罐气相层惰化过程数值模拟及工艺参数研究

针对油罐在检测、维修前须先将气相层可燃气体用氮气惰化到安全浓度,现场凭经验操作效率低且难以掌握氮气合理用量,容易造成氮气浪费或达不到安全浓度引发事故的问题,为确保惰化过程的安全经济,以常见拱顶储罐为例,首先利用改进后的公式法得出多组分可燃气体惰化效果评价指标;然后根据所得指标采用仿真对储罐气相层惰化过程进行数值模拟,并验证了仿真结果的正确性;最后采用仿真计算方法开展储罐气相层氮气惰化工艺参数的影响研究。研究结果表明:惰化效率与进口压力无关,只随进口流速变化,且大于1 m/s流速后,惰化效率已显著变化,此时可以增加进口管道数量,进一步提高惰化效率。理论研究结果可为现场实施提供参考和指导。     

A bioeconomic model of afforestation in Southern Ontario: Integration of fiber,carbon and municipal biosolids values

This study explores the economic attractiveness of afforestation as a strategy for the joint production of fibre, carbon storage and biosolids (treated municipal sewage sludge) disposal for municipalities in Southern and Central Ontario, Canada. We use a spatial, stochastic model, the Canadian Forest Service Afforestation Feasibility Model (CFS-AFM), to simulate a range of spatial biosolids application scenarios in hybrid poplar afforestation projects. Results suggest that such joint afforestation strategies could be financially attractive. Significant cost savings can be expected through decreases in transportation distances and avoided waste disposal fees. Sensitivity analysis is used to examine the effects of variations in critical model parameters on net present values. Our findings indicate that waste disposal savings from application of biosolids on hybrid poplar plantations combined with incentives for landowners to sequester carbon can easily compete with agricultural land rental values in some regions of Ontario. Social acceptance of this kind of activity, however, may be an impediment to adoption.     

高炉贮矿槽除尘系统的设计与分析

文章以河南青浦合金材料有限公司2座580m^3高炉贮矿槽除尘共用一台1450m^2的长袋低压脉冲袋式除尘器的总体设计方案为例,结合实践分析了高炉贮矿槽除尘系统的特点,总结并改进了整个除尘系统中的设计缺陷和制作结构,使该除尘系统得到了成功应用。     

Numerical investigation concerning the impact of CO2 geologic storage on regional groundwater flow

Large-scale storage of carbon dioxide in saline aquifers may cause considerable pressure perturbation and brine migration in deep rock formations, which may have a significant influence on the regional groundwater system. With the help of parallel computing techniques, we conducted a comprehensive, large-scale numerical simulation of CO₂ geologic storage that predicts not only CO₂ migration, but also its impact on regional groundwater flow. As a case study, a hypothetical industrial-scale CO₂ injection in Tokyo Bay, which is surrounded by the most heavily industrialized area in Japan, was considered, and the impact of CO₂ injection on near-surface aquifers was investigated, assuming relatively high seal-layer permeability (higher than 10 microdarcy). A regional hydrogeological model with an area of about 60 km × 70 km around Tokyo Bay was discretized into about 10 million gridblocks. To solve the high-resolution model efficiently, we used a parallelized multiphase flow simulator TOUGH2-MP/ECO2N on a world-class high performance supercomputer in Japan, the Earth Simulator. In this simulation, CO₂ was injected into a storage aquifer at about 1 km depth under Tokyo Bay from 10 wells, at a total rate of 10 million tons/year for 100 years. Through the model, we can examine regional groundwater pressure buildup and groundwater migration to the land surface. The results suggest that even if containment of CO₂ plume is ensured, pressure buildup on the order of a few bars can occur in the shallow confined aquifers over extensive regions, including urban inlands.     

Spatial Distribution and Temporal Change of Carbon Storage in Timber Biomass of Two Different Forest Management Units

Forests make up large ecosystems and can play an important role in mitigating the emissions of CO₂, the most important greenhouse gas. However, they are sources of atmospheric carbon when they are disturbed by human or natural causes. Storage of carbon through expansion and adaptive management of forest ecosystems can assist in reducing carbon concentrations in atmosphere. This study proposes a methodology to produce spatially explicit estimates of the carbon storages (aboveground plus belowground) depending on land use/cover changes in two different forest ecosystems during various periods. Carbon storages for each forest ecosystem were projected according to inventory data, and carbon storages were mapped in a geographic information system (GIS). Results showed that total carbon stored in above and belowground of both forest ecosystems increased from one period to other because of especially increase of productive forest areas and decline of degraded forest areas as well as protection of spruce forests subject to insect attacks.     

采样罐和气袋保存116种挥发性有机物效果研究

为了提高挥发性有机物(VOCs)分析的准确性,笔者考察了3种采样罐和2种气袋对116种VOCs的保存效果.结果表明:VOCs在不同种类采样罐和气袋中的保存情况有一定差异,整体上Silonite采样罐的保存效果相对更稳定,罐内水分含量会对部分VOCs的保存效果造成影响(特别是对含氧有机物);保存实际样品时,能保证VOCs...     

Experimental investigations on a forced convection solar air heater using packed bed absorber plates with phase change materials

In this work, the performance of a forced convection solar air heater was evaluated using using three packed bed absorber plate configurations and compared with flat absorber plate. The phase change material (paraffin wax) was packed in the pin-fin, trianglular and circular absorber plate configurations. The performance parameters such as, outlet air temperature, thermo-hydraulic efficiency, exergy efficiency and pressure drop were predicted and compared. The results showed that the packed bed absorber plate configurations using paraffin wax have higher outler air temperature in the range of 2–5°C with 3–40% higher thermo-hydraulic efficiency and 2–20% higher exergy efficiency when compared to flat absorber plate. However, the packed bed absorver plates have higher pressure drop when compared to flat absorber plate.     

Multi-hazard failure assessment of atmospheric storage tanks during hurricanes

Hurricane as one of the most destructive natural hazards can make a devastating impact on the industrial equipment, especially atmospheric storage tanks, leading to the release of stored chemicals and disastrous safety and environmental issues. These catastrophic consequences are caused not only by strong winds but also by the torrential rainfall and inundating floods. The objective of this study is to present a risk-based methodology for assessing and reducing the vulnerability of atmospheric storage tanks to hurricanes. Considering the shell buckling, flotation, sliding, and roof sinking as dominant failure modes of atmospheric storage tanks during hurricanes, Bayesian network (BN) has been employed to combine the failure modes while considering their conditional dependencies. The probability updating feature of the developed BN was employed to indicate that the flood is the most critical hazard during hurricanes while the impact of wind and rainfall cannot be neglected. Extending the developed BN to an influence diagram, the cost-benefit filling of storage tanks with water prior to the advent of hurricanes was shown as a viable measure for reducing the damage probability. The results show that the proposed methodology can be used as an effective decision support tool for assessing and reducing the vulnerability of atmospheric storage tanks to natural hazards.     

油库突发安全事故的环境风险及应急措施

文章分析了油库安全事故发生的原因、类型、特点及后果,重点阐述了事故可能引发的次生环境风险影响以及应急处置措施,提出了应对突发性环境污染事故的对策与建议,对突发事故、降低环境影响的范围和程度具有一定的指导作用。     

白城地区近50年土壤有机碳动态变化研究

基于白城地区第一次、第二次全国土壤普查和野外现场采样共217个土壤剖面数据,利用＂土类-土地利用类型＂权重方法,估算白城地区11个土类从20世纪50年代至2009年近50年的土壤有机碳密度（SOD）和碳储量（SOC）,分析SOD变化规律,探讨其时空演化特征,结果表明,①近50年来,除水稻土和栗钙土SOD随时间增加外,其余各土类SOD随时间持续降低;但不同时期泥炭土SOD均最高,盐碱土均为最低。②近50年来,白城地区的SOD从92.22±21.13 t.hm-2减少至68.01±10.76 t.hm-2;表现为自北向南、自西向东降低的空间分布规律。③近50年来,白城地区SOC减少了6.2×107 t,各县市SOC呈逐年降低态。