抽水蓄能电站防高坠安全防护设施研究

抽水蓄能电站运行及检修期间存在大量高处作业,而通过技术改造进行高坠防护,既增加电站运营成本,同时也给运行及检修造成一定影响。为此,通过对已投入运行和正在建设的抽水蓄能电站存在的高处作业情况的调研与分析,围绕施工期高坠风险控制,系统研究抽水蓄能电站运行及检修作业防高坠设施的设置技术与方法,最终编制《抽水蓄能电站防高坠安全防护设施设置图集》和《抽水蓄能电站防高坠安全防护设施设计报告》,研究成果可用于指导新建电站工程建设和已建电厂的相关技术改造。     

气藏型地下储气库完整性管理体系及风险识别

为保证气藏型储气库安全运营,保障天然气储配调峰系统的正常运转,对气藏型储气库进行完整性管理及风险识别.明确气藏型地下储气库完整性管理的对象为地面站场系统、储气库井、地质体3大模块,以地质体完整性管理为气藏型储气库完整性管理的特点及难点,并基于管道完整性管理的理念;提出气藏型储气库完整性管理的6步循环:数据采集,单元识别...     

中性高锰酸钾贮备液稳定性探讨

对不同温度下的高锰酸钾贮备液进行多次定量稀释并标定,实验结果表明,高锰酸钾浓度基本不变。     

对高校化学品储存及使用管理的探讨

化学储存与使用不当易引发事故,造成环境污染。高校化学品使用较多,因此其使用方法及管理不容忽视。对高校化学品储存及使用管理进行了探讨。分析表明,因为高校化学品储存地点分散,使用人员较多,存在着一定的事故隐患,加上部分高校条件较差,使用过的化学品直接排放到环境中,因此,还存在着环境污染问题。应制定有效的管理制度,加强高校化学品的储存及使用管理。     

Pd-K/MgAlO催化剂上的NO_x存储、脱附和还原过程

利用程序升温脱附(TPD)、程序升温表面反应(TPSR)和原位红外光谱(in situ IR)等技术研究了Pd-K/MgAlO催化剂上的NOx存储、脱附和还原过程.结果表明,NOx在Pd-K/MgAlO上主要以硝酸根和亚硝酸根的形式存储.在Pd的催化作用下,部分亚硝酸根被氧化为强酸性的硝酸根,变得更容易存储.由NOx-TPD计算得到Pd-K/MgAlO的NOx存储容量高达890.4μmol.g-1.此外,在NOx脱附及H2还原的实验中均发现了Pd催化的亚硝酸盐歧化分解反应,该反应通过亚硝酸盐溢流至Pd位实现.亚硝酸盐的溢流产生了两个作用:促进NOx低温脱附及促进H2对存储NOx的还原.此发现为NOx存储物种的溢流机理提供了一个有力的证据.     

CCUS技术路线及发展前景探讨

二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存技术（CCUS）作为一项新兴的、具有大规模减排CO2潜力的技术,近几年来受到国内外的广泛关注。简要介绍了CCUS的基本原理,阐述了我国及主要发达国家CCUS技术路线,分析了我国发展CCUS的技术原则、技术政策及相关举措,为我国开展CCUS技术研究和工程示范提供参考。     

环境风险评价中的不确定性研究

在环境风险评价中经常会遇见不确定性问题,以无水氢氟酸储罐泄漏为例,分别研究了在计算事故发生概率、确定泄漏源、应用扩散模式、评价事故损伤结果等工作中遇到的不确定性问题。并以此分析了造成这些不确定性因素的原因,同时提出相应的解决方法,最后介绍了环境风险评价中不确定性问题的研究现状和方向。     

Response of ecological storage and conservation to land use transformation: A case study of a mining town in China

Rapid land use transformation shaped by agriculture, industrialization and population urbanization has a great influence on ecological environment. Based on theory of ecosystem service functions, this study aims at revealing the response of ecological storage and conservation to each unit area of land use transformation. Taking Cishan Town, a mining town in China, as a case study, this paper estimates the “past-present-future” ecological storage impacted by the process, result and possibility of land use transformation. The local land use and industrial distribution show that the active areas of land use transformation are also the areas of concentration of human (industrial) activities. Ecological storage shows the different responses to land use ways. And then this study combines the ecological storage indices with the indices of ecosystem pattern and land condition into the“5A” framework (active state, active degree, active possibility, active balance and active condition) for grading ecological conservation, and then assigns all regions of Cishan Town into different grades through membership functions for complex mapping of ecological conservation. The research results show that the ecological conservation in Cishan goes toward two extreme grades (best grade and worst grade). Uneven and unbalanced land use transformation is the main cause of that. Hence, rational and timely reflection of impact of land use transformation on ecological storage and conservation can assist land use planners and local government in adjusting land use ways and balancing regional ecology and economy.     

保护性耕作对土壤有机碳、氮储量的影响

以辽宁彰武县保护性耕作示范推广基地土壤为研究对象,通过实地调查和取样分析,对比研究了传统犁耕和6年免耕秸秆覆盖条件下的土壤有机碳、氮储量,为广泛评价保护性耕作的土壤碳、氮截获功能和合理选择农业耕作方式提供科学依据。研究结果表明,与犁耕相比,免耕覆盖不同程度地提高了0-5cm和5～15cm土层的有机碳、氮储量,对15cm以下土层没有影响,从而增加了0～100em土体总的有机碳、氮储量,证明了免耕覆盖的土壤碳、氮截获功能,年均截获率分别为1．37Mg·hm-2和0．84Mg·hm-2有机碳、氮在犁耕土壤0～30cm剖面的垂直分布较为均匀,免耕覆盖后则发生明显的分层,产生表聚现象。     

Landscape Character and Fish Assemblage Structure and Function in Western Lake Superior Streams: General Relationships and Identification of Thresholds

As part of a comparative watershed project investigating land-cover/land-use disturbance gradients for streams in the western Lake Superior Basin, we examined general relationships between landscape character and fish assemblage structure and function. We also examined the shape of those relationships to identify discontinuity thresholds where small changes in landscape character were associated with marked shifts in the fish assemblages. After completing a geographic analysis of second- and third-order watersheds in the western Lake Superior drainage, we randomly selected 48 streams along mature forest and watershed storage gradients in 2 hydrogeomorphic regions as our study sites. During the summers of 1997 and 1998, we used electrofishing to sample fish assemblages from each stream. Each of the landscape factors was significantly associated with fish assemblage structure and function based on analysis of covariance. Watershed storage was related to the greatest number of fish assemblage characteristics, but hydrogeopmorphic region and mature forest cover were strongly associated as well. The hydrogeomorphic region also mediated relationships between watershed character and fish assemblages. Discontinuity thresholds for our fish assemblages averaged 11% for watershed storage and 50% for watershed mature forest cover based on piecewise regression analysis. Although many of the landscape–fish relationships might have been manifest through effects on in-stream habitat, our results highlight the importance of management and land-use planning decisions at the watershed and landscape scales.Published online