地下水对放射性废物地质处置库的影响

放射性废物处置库是一个受多种因素耦合作用的复杂系统。在多种因素中,地质环境中的水对废物处置库有着至关重要的作用。着重分析阐述了地下水的辐射分解作用以及水中核素迁移这2方面对地质处置库造成的影响。地下水是将核素带入生物圈的载体,能够引起核素迁移;另一方面,地质处置库所形成的强放射场能促进周围的地下水辐射分解,加速工程屏障氧化侵蚀。指出了我国目前有关放射性废物处置系统的设计方案中应该注意的一些问题以及针对这些问题应该采取的措施。     

Simultaneous sampling of PCDD/PCDF inside the combustion chamber and on four boiler levels of a waste incineration plant

At a MSWI (municipal solid waste incinerator) plant PCDD/PCDF samples (gasphase and particulates) were taken simultaneously be a shock-freezing method in the incinerator combustion chamber at approx. 800°C and in four sampling sections in the boiler at about 490°C, 370°C, 330°C and 270°C. In this way PCDD/PCDF-formation in the flow through the boiler was determined. Two data sets were evaluated. A considerable PCDD/PCDF-formation had occurred already at boiler temperatures of about 490°C; the highest concentration, however, was found at the end of the boiler at about 300°C. The accompanying measuring program of plant parameters made the calculation of the PCDD/PCDF mass flows possible, which allowed the inclusion of the PCDD/PCDF-content in the ESP dust in the mass flow calculations.     

深沪湾地质公园地质遗迹景观特征及开发思路

深沪湾地质公园旅游地学资源十分丰富,拥有国家海洋自然保护区--深沪湾海底古森林和古牡蛎礁等地质遗迹.通过对深沪湾地质景观的特征描述,提出了以可持续发展思想为指导,以维护最佳生态环境为目标的地质公园规划原则及开发思路.     

地质灾害研究的基础理论：环境因素控制论

作者认为,一切与灾害有关的地质问题,都是地质环境诸因素综合作用的结果。通过对环境因素作用机理和机制分析,可以解释一切地质灾害问题,可以剖析灾害性地质现象的孕育和激发过程。通过调整和改善地质环境中的某些环境因素,可以减轻或消除某些地质灾害,从而为工程建设的稳定和人类生活安全提供保障。 众多学者在寻求新的能够科学地反映地质灾害规律的理论,而作者提出了环境因素控制论。     

丽江垃圾填埋场地质环境影响因素及适宜性评价

丽江是滇西北一座生动而非凡的名城,它集世界文化遗产、世界自然遗产、世界记忆遗产三项桂冠于一体,是＂茶马古道重镇＂,＂南方丝绸之路＂要塞,特色鲜明,开发投资潜力无穷。生活垃圾卫生填埋场的选址涉及多方面因素,该文通过对丽江市生活垃圾填埋的历史与现状、填埋量、填埋场分布等状况的分析,用层次分析法对正在使用填埋场进行适宜性评价,文章分析了导致污染的主要环境地质问题,对已污染填埋场的治理和未来填埋场的选址具有指导意义。     

模拟成藏地质填埋及诱导填埋有机质生气的理论初探

填埋处理和垃圾生物气的开发利用是实现城市生活垃圾资源化、无害化、减量化处理的有效途径,引入模拟生物气成藏和含气系统的思路,开展地质填埋与诱导填埋有机质生气研究是对能源地质学和填埋设计理念的新探索.通过对比研究地质填埋结构与地质学中生物气藏系统的异同点、生气机理和影响因素的共性与差异,初步论证了将模拟生物气藏理论引入地质填埋设计、优化地质填埋结构、提高填埋有机质生物气化效率和抽排利用效率的可行性;探讨了生物气藏理论在构建地质填埋结构中的可能应用和启示.研究表明:模拟生物气藏地质填埋设计和非常规生物气开发理念具有理论依据和现实基础;生物气藏生、储、盖要素和运、圈、保过程的模拟可应用于垃圾地质填埋场的构建,微生物地球化学理论有助于对诱导填埋有机质生气条件优化的认识.     

An experimental study on shrinkage of earth plaster with natural fibres for straw bale buildings

In this paper, a series of laboratory tests on shrinkage of plaster materials are presented. The plaster materials consist of cohesive soil, sand and different natural fibres. Three types of fibres, wheat straw, barley straw and wood shavings, were used as reinforcement in the tests. The shrinkage behaviour of earth plasters was studied by laboratory tests for different compositions and under different curing conditions. The specimens of plaster material were dried under a constant temperature of 30, 50 and 70°C, respectively. The effect of the following factors on shrinkage was investigated: temperature, soil composition, fibre type and fibre content. It was established that shrinkage crack formation decreases with increasing fibre content and increases with increasing soil content. In general, it was also found that lower curing temperature and higher fibre content are to be preferred to improve the performance of earth plasters.     

The Chinese western development initiative: new opportunities for mineral investment

The Western Development Initiative (WDI), launched in 2000 by the Chinese Government, will greatly change the modes and improve the quality of life of the 355 million people living in the western region of China. This paper presents a panoramic picture of the mineral industries under the framework of the WDI. First, it gives an overview of the WDI, including a summary of the favorable and unfavorable conditions for the WDI, the objectives, priorities and key geographical areas for the WDI and the national policies and measures for implementing the WDI. Second, it describes the roles of the mineral industries in the WDI. Finally, it details the policies and actions of the Chinese Government on the exploration and development of mineral resources in the western region in support of the WDI.     

辽宁的地质灾害

本文系统介绍了辽宁的地震、泥石流、滑坡和塌陷等地质灾害,并对城市地质灾害作了专门的论述。归结起来,辽宁的地质灾害有分布面广、类型多、灾害频繁和破环性大等特点。     

Historical and Geological Evidence for Seismic Origin of Newly Recognized Landslides in Southeastern Sicily, and Its Significance inTerms of Hazard

Old, large, and dormant landslides were unexpectedly found in southeastern Sicily, a territory of known seismicity but commonly considered as landslide-free or almost so. Purposely undertaken investigations revealed that: (1) these landslides are scarcely compatible with the local geoclimatic environment; (2) they usually show low-angle basal shear surfaces, despite the fact that the properties of the forming material are generally good; (3) they fulfill the known relationships between earthquake magnitude and epicenter–landslide distance; (4) sources coeval with high-energy historical earthquakes occurred in 1169, 1542 and 1693 testify to the occurrence of earthquake-triggered landsliding; and (5) documentary material (presented here for the first time) correlates with certainty a specific landslide to the 1693 earthquake. This geological and historical evidence, accompanied by the absence of contrasting elements, leads us to conclude that these landslides are earthquake-triggered. Because of their typological and geometrical characteristics, nearly all landslides can be reactivated, which has serious implications in terms of hazard, particularly with respect to lines of communication. Obviously, every action aimed at preventing or mitigating risks must start from the awareness of the causative processes, a condition substantially unsatisfied at the moment in SE Sicily. The paper concludes by emphasizing the opportunity not to trust excessively beliefs that, although shared, have never been really checked.