陕西渭北煤矿区地质灾害浅析

渭北煤矿区是陕西省的重要煤炭生产基地,随着矿区的开发,地质环境日趋恶化,地质灾害亦日渐增多。矿区地质灾害既普遍又严重,主要类型有:地震、活动断裂、滑坡、地面裂陷、泥石流及土壤侵蚀等。其内力型地质灾害主要受新构造运动所控制,而外力型地质灾害多与人类活动有关,即与矿区开发有关。     

Migration of C in the paddy soil-to-rice plant system after C-acetic acid breakdown by microorganisms below the plow layer

Migration of ¹⁴C derived from ¹⁴C-acetic acid was examined by using soils sampled from paddies in four administrative areas in Japan (Aomori, Yamanashi, Ehime and Okinawa) and rice plant in a tracer experiment to understand the fate of ¹⁴C in the paddy soil-to-rice plant system. The loss of ¹⁴C radioactivity levels derived from ¹⁴C-acetic acid was caused by soil microorganism breakdown. A part of the ¹⁴C fixation to soil was caused by microbial assimilation into the fatty acid fraction. ¹⁴C moved upward via two different types of ¹⁴C dynamics in soil: quick movement upward; and constant but slow movement upward. ¹⁴C was highly assimilated into the plant panicle and that was caused by the root-uptake and the transfer of ¹⁴C. Migration of ¹⁴C derived from ¹⁴C-acetic acid relied heavily upon changes of chemical forms and characteristics of ¹⁴C-compound as caused by microorganisms in soil.     

矿山地质环境恢复治理模式创新研究

人类社会不断发展,离不开矿山地质资源开发和利用,本文对加强矿山地质环境恢复治理模式创新的意义进行了简要分析,着重探讨了加强矿山地质环境恢复治理模式创新的具体做法,以供参考。     

Water/acid gas interfacial tensions and their impact on acid gas geological storage

Acid gas geological disposal is a promising process to reduce CO₂ atmospheric emissions and an environment-friendly and economic alternative to the transformation of H₂S into sulphur by the Claus process. Acid gas confinement in geological formations is to a large extent controlled by the capillary properties of the water/acid–gas/caprock system, because a significant fraction of the injected gas rises buoyantly and accumulates beneath the caprock. These properties include the water/acid gas interfacial tension (IFT), to which the so-called capillary entry pressure of the gas in the water-saturated caprock is proportional. In this paper we present the first ever systematic water/acid gas IFT measurements carried out by the pendant drop technique under geological storage conditions. We performed IFT measurements for water/H₂S systems over a large range of pressure (up to P = 15 MPa) and temperature (up to T = 120 °C). Water/H₂S IFT decreases with increasing P and levels off at around 9–10 mN/m at high T (≥70 °C) and P (>12 MPa). The latter values are around 30–40% of water/CO₂ IFTs, and around 20% of water/CH₄ IFTs at similar T and P conditions. The IFT between water and a CO₂ + H₂S mixture at T = 77 °C and P > 7.5 MPa is observed to be approximately equal to the molar average IFT of the water/CO₂ and water/H₂S binary mixtures. Thus, when the H₂S content in the stored acid gas increases the capillary entry pressure decreases, together with the maximum height of acid gas column and potential storage capacity of a given geological formation. Hence, considerable attention should be exercised when refilling with a H₂S-rich acid gas a depleted gas reservoir, or a depleted oil reservoir with a gas cap: in the case of hydrocarbon reservoirs that were initially (i.e., at the time of their discovery) close to capillary leakage, acid gas leakage through the caprock will inevitably occur if the refilling pressure approaches the initial reservoir pressure.     

徐州市地下水资源信息系统的开发与应用

资源信息系统是资源开发和管理的重要工具。本文以徐州市地下水资源开发利用现状为基础,以先进的地理信息系统软件为平台,设计和建立了徐州市地下水资源信息系统,并应用于生产实践中,取得了较好的效果     

基于MapInfo的松嫩盆地水资源开发管理信息系统

以松嫩盆地水资源开发利用现状为基础 ,以GIS软件 (地理信息系统 )MapInfoProfessional作为开发平台 ,设计和建立了松嫩盆地水资源开发管理信息系统。该系统的建立对松嫩盆地水资源开发管理状况和相关信息的查询、检索提供了方便 ,同时对松嫩盆地水资源的合理开发利用及其管理决策提供了科学依据。     

河北省地质地貌灾害与防灾减灾

河北省是我国地质地貌灾害最为严重的地区之一．本文从人类生态学角度,研究地质地貌灾害的成因与分布,并强调通过调整人类活动,减轻灾害损失和影响．     

现代化进程中的我国城市地质灾害

总结了现代城市地质灾害的基本特征，从环境-城市-社会这个系统出发，分析了我国城市现代化进程中已经和可能出现的一些地质灾害，试图为城市防灾体系的建立提供一点可供借鉴的资料．     

西安地裂缝活动强度空间信息量模型预测及防治对策

西安地裂缝活动主要受隐伏断裂、构造地貌、承压水头下降值及地面沉降量四大因素影响。本文根据这四个影响因素建立了地裂缝活动强度空间预测信息量模型，预测了2000年地裂缝活动强度总发展趋势。在此基础上，提出了防治地裂缝灾害的对策。     

山西省主要地质灾害分析

着重讨论了山西省主要的地质灾害-地震、水土流失、地裂缝、地面塌陷的分布和成因。