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71.
Trace metals assessment in water, sediment, mussel and seagrass species--validation of the use of Posidonia oceanica as a metal biomonitor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The accumulation of trace metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb) was measured in water, sediment, the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the seagrass Posidonia oceanica. Samples were collected in three locations of the north-western Mediterranean (Canari, Livorno and Porto-Torres) which present different levels and sources of human impact. Analyses in the different compartments (water, sediment, M. galloprovincialis and P. oceanica) have allowed to identify Canari as the most Cd, Co, Cr and Ni contaminated site; Livorno as the most Hg contaminated and Porto-Torres as the most Pb contaminated. Furthermore, for the first time, metal concentrations found in P. oceanica have been compared with those found in the water column, in the sediment and in the recognized metal bio-indicator species M. galloprovincialis and the results obtained have led to the same conclusions. Thus, this study allows to validate the use of P. oceanica as metal biomonitor of coastal waters. 相似文献
72.
不同丙酸/乙酸对聚糖菌长/短期代谢的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在3个SBR反应器(即SBR-A,SBR-C和SBR-E)中,以3种不同比例的丙酸/乙酸中长期驯化活性污泥使之富集聚糖菌,对丙酸/乙酸对聚糖菌的长期和短期代谢的影响进行了研究.结果表明,长期高丙酸/乙酸驯化导致聚糖菌厌氧消耗的糖原量和合成的聚β羟基烷酸酯(poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates, PHA)的量都较少,在好氧段积累的糖原量和降解的PHA的量也较小,并且对聚糖菌的脱氢酶活性、生长速率及对有机酸的利用能力等都有抑制作用.当进水中的丙酸与乙酸的碳摩尔数相同时,单位生物量利用乙酸的速率较丙酸快.不同丙酸/乙酸对聚糖菌代谢的短期影响的研究表明,当进水中乙酸浓度突然提高时,长期以高丙酸/乙酸驯化的聚糖菌可以直接利用乙酸参与代谢,但长期以低丙酸/乙酸驯化的聚糖菌则无法快速利用丙酸.提高进水中丙酸/乙酸有可能成为有效抑制聚糖菌生长并提高增强生物除磷系统稳定性的一种策略. 相似文献
73.
Yann Devos Pieter Maeseele Dirk Reheul Linda Van Speybroeck Danny De Waele 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2008,21(1):29-61
Via a historical reconstruction, this paper primarily demonstrates how the societal debate on genetically modified organisms
(GMOs) gradually extended in terms of actors involved and concerns reflected. It is argued that the implementation of recombinant
DNA technology out of the laboratory and into civil society entailed a “complex of concerns.” In this complex, distinctions
between environmental, agricultural, socio-economic, and ethical issues proved to be blurred. This fueled the confusion between
the wider debate on genetic modification and the risk assessment of transgenic crops in the European Union. In this paper,
the lasting skeptical and/or ambivalent attitude of Europeans towards agro-food biotechnology is interpreted as signaling
an ongoing social request – and even a quest – for an evaluation of biotechnology with Sense and Sensibility. In this (re)quest, a broader-than-scientific dimension is sought for that allows addressing the GMO debate in a more “sensible”
way, whilst making “sense” of the different stances taken in it. Here, the restyling of the European regulatory frame on transgenic
agro-food products and of science communication models are discussed and taken to be indicative of the (re)quest to move from
a merely scientific evaluation and risk-based policy towards a socially more robust evaluation that takes the “non-scientific”
concerns at stake in the GMO debate seriously. 相似文献
74.
污水处理厂的污泥农用问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
污水处理过程产出大量污泥。将这类污泥用作农业有机肥料是一个很有前景的实践。但这种利用却因为污泥中含有多种重金属和病源体而受到很大限制。文章概述了有关污泥中重金属及病源体的研究状况。 相似文献
75.
This study reports the feasibility of using municipal wastewater biosolids as an alternative carbon source for biological phosphorus removal. The biosolids were treated by a lowtemperature, thermal alkaline hydrolysis process patented by Lystek International Inc.(Cambridge, ON, Canada) to produce short-chain volatile fatty acids and other readily biodegradable organics. Two sequencing batch reactors(SBRs) were operated with synthetic volatile fatty acids(Syn VFA) and readily biodegradable organics produced from the alkaline hydrolysis of municipal wastewater biosolids(Lystek) as the carbon source, respectively.Municipal wastewaters with different strengths and COD:N:P ratios were tested in the study. The reactors' performances were compared with respect to nitrogen and phosphorus removal. It was observed that phosphorus removal efficiencies were between 98%–99% and 90%–97% and nitrogen removal efficiencies were 78%–81%, and 67% for the Syn VFA and Lystek, respectively. However, the kinetics for phosphorus release and uptake during the anaerobic and aerobic stages with Lystek were observed to be significantly lower than Syn VFA due to the presence of higher order VFAs(C4 and above) and other fermentable organics in the Lystek. 相似文献
76.
选取浙江北部10个污水处理厂,调研污水厂生物除磷的运行效能并开展污泥活性以及微生物分布特征及其除磷机理的研究.通过活性污泥批试验表明,厌氧释磷率和好氧聚磷率(以P计)平均为2.4mg/(g·h)和2.2mg/(g·h);反硝化聚磷菌(DPAOs)占聚磷菌(PAOs)的比例为0.0%~80.1%.荧光原位杂交法(FISH)对活性污泥微生物群落结构分析表明,聚磷菌(PAOs)比例为2.0%~8.7%,聚糖菌(GAOs)比例为1.3%~22.4%.根据调查结果和生物除磷性能研究,可通过调整污水营养成分和设置独立前置反硝化池等方法改善除磷效果. 相似文献
77.
应用物种敏感性分布评估DDT和林丹对淡水生物的生态风险 总被引:22,自引:6,他引:16
介绍了利用物种敏感性分布(SSD)进行生态风险评价的原理与步骤,构建了淡水生物对DDT和林丹的物种敏感性分布.在此基础上,计算了DDT和林丹对不同类别生物的HC5(Hazardous Concentration for 5% the species)阈值,预测了不同浓度DDT和林丹对生物可能造成的危害,并比较了不同类别生物对DDT和林丹的敏感性,以及DDT和林丹对淡水生物的生态风险.结果表明,DDT和林丹对淡水生物的HC5值分别为1.70μg·L-1和5.96μg·L-1 ,DDT对生态系统的危害大于林丹.当DDT或林丹的浓度为5μg·L-1时,对生态系统仅有轻微影响,而当DDT或林丹的浓度为500μg·L-1时,将有81.5%的物种受到DDT的危害,或有68.1%的物种受到林丹的危害.不同类别生物对DDT的敏感性从甲壳类、昆虫和蜘蛛类到鱼类依次降低,对林丹的敏感性大小依次为昆虫和蜘蛛类、甲壳类、鱼类.与林丹相比,DDT对淡水脊椎动物与无脊椎动物以及甲壳类和鱼类的生态风险较大,而对昆虫和蜘蛛类,林丹与DDT的生态风险差别不大. 相似文献
78.
反硝化聚磷菌可以在缺氧条件下利用硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮作为电子受体完成吸磷过程,确定反硝化聚磷菌比例对于强化反硝化除磷作用具有重要意义。从一体化活性污泥工艺中取污泥混合液,加入蔗糖合200mg/LCOD后进行厌氧搅拌,2h后将厌氧污泥分成三等份,其中两份分别加入10mg/LNO3--N、10mg/LNO2--N后缺氧搅拌2h,另一份用充氧仪曝气2h。根据厌氧、缺氧/好氧交替过程中不同电子受体下的除磷量,可以简便的确定反硝化聚磷菌在全部聚磷菌中的比例,结果表明该一体化工艺中反硝化聚磷菌在全部聚磷菌中的比例达到98.92%。 相似文献
79.
80.