分区达标控制法求解海域环境容量

提出可考虑二维扩散的分式标控制法用于求解海域环境容量。引进贡献度系数将二维容量问题定义为线性规划问题,使各类水功能区在达到所对应的环境标准的前提下各排污口污染允许排放量之和最大。并给出了用二维扩散模型计算贡献质系数的方法。     

基于生态系统服务价值的土地利用结构优化——以重庆万州为例

基于中国陆地生态系统服务功能价值研究成果,以及重庆市万州区生态环境建设与经济社会发展水平,对不同土地利用类型单位面积生态服务价值进行修正,形成万州区土地利用结构优化灰色线性规划模型中决策变量的生态经济参数。计算结果表明：（1）规划期内万州区耕地面积略有减少,建设用地面积有所增加,林地面积有较大幅度增加,大规模增加湿地面积提高土地生态功能价值则难以实现;（2）地质灾害与水土流失综合治理、草地生态系统修复以及适当增加园地面积,能够提高万州区土地生态功能价值;（3）万州区土地生态经济理论价值为11888亿元/a,修正价值为10644亿元/a,均高于现状值9653亿元/a,土地生态修复与建设的生态经济效益可观;（4）基于生态系统服务价值的土地利用结构优化,能够满足社会经济发展对土地的需求并同步实现生态经济效益的最优,为解决土地利用规划中的关键技术问题提供新的方法。     

Inexact rough-interval two-stage stochastic programming for conjunctive water allocation problems

An inexact rough-interval two-stage stochastic programming (IRTSP) method is developed for conjunctive water allocation problems. Rough intervals (RIs), as a particular case of rough sets, are introduced into the modeling framework to tackle dual-layer information provided by decision makers. Through embeding upper and lower approximation intervals, rough intervals are capable of reflecting complex parameters with the most reliable and possible variation ranges being identified. An interactive solution method is also derived. A conjunctive water-allocation system is then structured for characterizing the proposed model. Solutions indicate a detailed optimal allocation scheme with a rough-interval form; a total of [[1048.83, 2078.29]:[1482.26, 2020.60]] would be obtained under the pre-regulated inputs. Comparisons of the proposed model to a conventional and an interval two-stage stochastic programming model are also conducted. The results indicate that the optimal objective function values of TSP and ITSP always fall into the range of , while they are sometimes out of the range of ; the optimal solutions of decision variables also present this feature. This implies the reliability of IRTSP in handling conjunctive water allocation problems.     

Sperm allocation in an uncertain world

Models of optimal sperm allocation are constructed using stochastic dynamic programming techniques, yielding predictions about sperm allocation when males mate sequentially, breeding time is finite, sperm stores are limited and females vary in quality. The models suggest that uncertainty of future reproductive opportunities should favour withholding of sperm, so that males tend to allocate less (for a given level of stored sperm) earlier in the breeding season. This effect is more pronounced the greater the variance in female quality. We also show that while allocation will be influenced by mate value, it is not necessarily optimal to allocate preferentially to high-quality females, since the benefits of a higher-quality mate may be offset by increased risk of rejection of sperm or higher sperm competition. The relationship between mate quality and level of allocation will depend strongly on the amount of remaining stored sperm, with males whose supplies are depleted being more likely to favour lower-quality partners. Received: 12 September 1997 / Accepted after revision: 28 June 1998     

厦门市饮用水源流域农业环境污染控制系统的规划研究

本之系统地研究了厦门市饮用水源流域的区域性农业环境污染问题,通过对人、畜和土壤-作物等三个子系统进行综合考察分析,建立一个满足一定环境约束的、以取得最高经济效益为目标的系统优化模型,从而由大量数据的调查运算,寻取最优农业环境规划方案。     

多目标规划在预测区域总产值-排污-水质协调解中的应用研究

以某区域水环境－经济系统为研究实例，寻求值－排污－水质综合协调解方法，寻求净收益最大时的总体规划方案。建立目标参数规划模型，寻求不同生产规模条件下的产值－排污－水质协调解，又探讨了水环境标准约束下的某化工区废水治理费用的计算方法，提出了以供决策者选择的方案。     

哈尔滨市污染源在线实时监测系统的规划

结合哈尔滨市污染源监测工作的实际,借鉴中国国内先进城市污染源监测的成功经验,依托现有的传感技术、通讯技术和计算机及其网络技术,从污染源在线实时监测系统的技术要求、技术路线等多个方面进行规划.该规划为设计和实现哈尔滨污染源在线监测系统提供良好的建议,为使其在全市重点污染源得以实施应用提供依据.     

依法开展规划环评确保经济社会环境的协调发展

长期以来,中国实行的是建设项目环境影响评价制度,但建设项目只处于整个决策链(战略、政策、计划、规划、项目)的末端,无法从源头上保护环境.规划环评是战略环评的重要组成部分,它可从源头上防止环境污染.中国2003年9月1日颁布实施的环评法对规划环评作了明确规定,标志着中国环评制度的发展完成了向全局性战略环评的转变,对促进经济社会环境的协调发展具有重大意义.     

含模糊随机变量的水污染控制系统研究

在水流量为模糊随机变量且河流中工业污水含量标准给定的条件下,以极小化污水处理费用为目标,建立了水污染控制系统问题的模糊随机机会约束规划模型。采用将模糊随机模拟、神经元网络及遗传算法相结合的混合遗传算法来求解该模型,并用算例进行了验证,结果表明该算法是有效可行的。     

污染物减排的措施与对策探讨

污染减排涉及到技术、经济、管理等一系列要素和环境、经济、企业等不同部门,是一项系统工程,要实现减排目标,必须结合国情和地方实际,实施源头控制、末端治理、监督管理等三大措施与对策。