滨海化工区废水预处理去毒技术耦合工艺研究

化工产业是天津滨海新区重要的支柱产业,该行业废水是滨海污染物控制的主要威胁。针对常规单一方法存在的问题,试验选取滨海某化工区实际废水从内电解-Fenton、内电解-混凝、内电解-超声及微波强化氧化-光催化4种耦合去毒预处理工艺进行了研究。试验表明,与传统方法相比,内电解-Fenton法中H2O2的加入增加了污染物的降解途径,提高了对污染物的去除效率;内电解-混凝法对于制药废水的生物毒性有比较好的去除作用,不加PAM或Ca(OH)2的效果更佳;内电解-超声法对制药废水的生物毒性去除率可达92%,其可生化性提高45%;微波强化氧化-光催化法对大多数难降解物质有效,而对酚类物质降解效果不佳。     

工业园区清洁生产审核推进现状与建议

“十四五”时期,我国进入了以降碳为重点战略方向、推动减污降碳协同增效的发展阶段。推进工业园区清洁生产审核能有效提升园区清洁生产水平,对于促进工业领域绿色低碳转型具有重要意义。本研究首先回顾了我国工业园区的发展历程,梳理了我国工业园区的发展现状,提出工业园区发展面临的问题及开展清洁生产审核的必要性;其次,分别从政策、研究、实践层面详细论述了工业园区推进清洁生产审核的进展;再次,分析推进工业园区清洁生产审核存在的问题;最后,建议下一步从完善政策支撑体系、加强方法学研究、强化试点示范作用三个方面推进工业园区清洁生产审核。本研究将为我国推进工业园区清洁生产审核提供理论依据和政策支持。     

Prevention in the chemical and process industries: Future directions

This paper presents the current trends of future-oriented prevention management in the chemical-using industry. Two concepts leading to the next generation of managing prevention within chemical industrial areas are explained and discussed. The first concept concerns integrated design-based safety and security; the second concerns the collaboration of several chemical plants to increase sustainable development of their activities and their environment.     

基于走航监测的长三角工业园区周边大气挥发性有机物污染特征

挥发性有机物（VOCs）是大气臭氧及细颗粒物污染的重要前体物.工业园区是我国VOCs排放的重要来源,但是其污染水平及特征尚不清晰.本研究采用两类VOCs走航监测技术,在长三角主要工业园区开展了108园区次的走航监测,系统分析了长三角不同工业园区VOCs的污染水平及示踪组分特征.结果表明,园区周边VOCs平均浓度变化范围为39~533 μg·m^-3（5%~95%分位值浓度）,平均值为183 μg·m^-3,是城市环境大气浓度的3倍左右;最大峰值浓度的变化范围为307~12006 μg·m^-3（5%~95%分位值浓度）,平均值为2812 μg·m^-3.所有园区周边监测到异常高浓度的频率为64%,其中异常排放频率出现较高的组分主要包括甲苯（32%）、二甲苯（18%）、苯（9%）以及含9个及以上碳数的芳香烃（19%）.不同工业类型的园区周边VOCs浓度水平及主要特征组分存在一定差异;纺织行业园区周边浓度最高,其次是化工、涂装和石化,电子工业园区周边浓度相对最低.鉴于现有走航技术对环境大气常见VOCs组分的覆盖率不足50%,因此上述走航结果相对于实际浓度应该有一定的低估.本研究有助于系统认识我国工业园区VOCs污染水平及特征,为园区VOCs监管及减排提供重要支撑.     

基于物元可拓模型的兰州市主城区公园表土重金属污染评价

在分析兰州市主城区公园表土重金属含量水平的基础上,采用UNMIX模型对重金属进行来源解析,同时引入Hakanson毒性响应系数修正传统权重,运用物元可拓模型对重金属污染水平进行评价,并将评价结果与内梅罗综合污染指数（P_N）和潜在生态风险指数（RI）进行对比.结果表明：①研究区公园表土重金属含量均值都高于兰州市土壤背景值,其中Ni、Cu和Co的点位含量超标比例各为100%,Cr、V、Pb和As分别为58.82%、14.71%、20.59%和2.94%.②源解析显示研究区公园表土重金属存在3大污染源,源1为建筑业污染源,对Co的贡献率为56%;源2为交通污染源,对Cu和Pb的贡献率各为44%和52%;源3为自然源,对V、Cr、Ni和As的贡献率各为62%、60%、56%和56%,自然源占主导作用.③各重金属权重修正效果显著,Cr和V的降幅各为44%左右,而Ni、Cu、Pb、As和Co的修正权重比常规权重有所增加,增幅依次为Co < Pb < Cu < Ni < As,As的权重变化最为明显,增加约188%左右.④物元评价结果显示,研究区46%的公园表土为Ⅴ级状态（重度污染）,41%为Ⅳ级状态（中度污染）,3%为Ⅲ级状态（轻度污染）,Co为主要污染因子;物元可拓模型评价结果与P_N及RI结果大致相同,说明物元可拓模型可用于土壤重金属污染评价,评价结果准确客观.     

基于LEAP模型的工业园区碳达峰路径：以南京某国家级开发区为例

工业园区是能源消费和碳排放的密集区域,推动工业园区碳达峰对国家早日实现碳达峰目标具有重要意义.以南京某国家级开发区为例,基于LEAP模型,设置基准情景（BAU）、非工业减排（S1）、全行业一般减排（S2）、全行业强化减排（S3）和深度减排（S4）共5类情景,分析各情景下的能源消费需求和CO2排放变化情况,评估各项措施的碳减排贡献,提出园区实现碳达峰目标的政策建议.结果表明,S2、S3和S4情景下能源消费需求和CO2排放量将分别于2035、2030和2028年达到峰值,能源消费需求峰值（以标煤计）分别为26.28、21.66和19.10万t,CO2排放峰值分别为75.35、59.34和53.24万t.工业是研究区域能源消费和碳排放的主要贡献行业,S2、S3和S4情景下工业能源消费和碳排放占比分别于2035年、2030年和2028年达到峰值57.1%、56.0%、53.6%和64.2%、66.2%和62.9%.工业能效提升的碳减排贡献最大,其次为经济增速放缓,交通新能源汽车推广和公共建筑节能的碳减排贡献不显著.综合考虑碳达峰时间和园区碳排放强度考核目标,建议将S3情景作为该园区碳达峰的实施...     

Public parks as an element of urban planning: a missing piece in Accra's growth and development

Public parks are important to urban environments, residents, and visitors. Among other functions, they provide environmental services, such as air and water purification, and they increase both recreational opportunities and the attractiveness of the urban environment. Because of their importance, urban parks serve as public spaces that provide visitors and urban residents with rights to the city. This paper identifies the dearth of urban public parks in Accra-Tema city-region as worrying. The Accra Plan 1958 underscored the significance of green spaces and designated the coastal strip for parks development but the areas have been lost to various urban uses. We argue that the continual neglect of public parks within urban planning and community development schemes in the Accra-Tema city-region is a major concern because it is depriving the citizens a right to the city and its public spaces. A number of factors have worked adversely against the provision of public parks and green spaces in the city-region. These include development pressures, undue political interference, a complex land delivery system, and ad hoc planning. The paper concludes by offering policy suggestions as to how to resolve the dearth of parks and green spaces in the city-region.     

Natural Resource Assessment: An Approach to Science Based Planning in National Parks

We conducted a natural resource assessment at two national parks, New River Gorge National River and Shenandoah National Park, to help meet the goals of the Natural Resource Challenge—a program to help strengthen natural resource management at national parks. We met this challenge by synthesizing and interpreting natural resource information for planning purposes and we identified information gaps and natural significance of resources. We identified a variety of natural resources at both parks as being globally and/or nationally significant, including large expanses of unfragmented, mixed-mesophytic forests that qualify for wilderness protection, rare plant communities, diverse assemblages of neotropical migratory birds and salamanders, and outstanding aquatic recreational resources. In addition, these parks function, in part, as ecological reserves for plants in and wildlife. With these significant natural resources in mind, we also developed a suite of natural resource management recommendations in light of increasing threats from within and outside park boundaries. We hope that our approach can provide a blueprint for natural resource conservation at publically owned lands.     

Planning for environmental justice in an urban national park

Urban national parks were designed in the 1970s to bring nature and recreational opportunities to socio-economically disadvantaged communities in the USA. Using the theoretical frame of environmental justice, this paper discusses findings of a recent survey of visitors to Los Angeles' Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area – the United States' largest urban national park. Findings show park visitors were predominantly white, affluent, and lived nearby. People of colour travelled further, were significantly less likely to be return visitors, and were less inclined to use the park for active recreation. Seemingly, this park fails to meet the needs of the disadvantaged urban communities for whom it was created, a problem that may also affect other parks in the United States and potentially parks in other countries. Park planners and managers can take practical steps to increase accessibility to this park for people of colour and low-income earners, and should monitor other parks for patterns of ethno-racially differentiated access and utilisation.     

工业区群的环境影响后评估探索

对于经过环境影响评价建成的工业区群,通过现场收集资料、组织专家评估和公众参与等方法,按一定的技术路线和步骤,对其规划布局和产业结构、环境要素影响评价及控制对策措施进行回顾、验证与分析,并作责任分析。其结论可成为环保部门对相关方环保执法的法定依据。