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21.
Use of principal component analysis to profile temporal and spatial variations of chlorinated solvent concentration in groundwater 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This work aims at evaluating spatial distribution patterns of concentration variations for chlorinated solvents in groundwater, based on principal component analysis and geographic information system (GIS) tools. The study investigates long-time series of chlorinated solvent concentrations in groundwater measured for 18 contaminated industrial sites. The characterization of contaminant plumes and delineation of pollutant sources are essential for choosing appropriate monitoring and remediation strategies, as contaminated groundwaters are characterized by complex patterns of spatial and temporal concentration variability, with wide unpredictable fluctuations over time. The present work describes the results of a new exploratory statistical method called the Variability Index Method (VIM) applied to environmental data to assess the performance of using concentration variations as molecular tracers to reveal aquifer dynamics, industrial impacts, and point sources for contamination plumes. The application of this method provides a useful assessment of controls over contaminant concentration variations as well as support for remediation techniques. 相似文献
22.
Jacobsen CS van der Keur P Iversen BV Rosenberg P Barlebo HC Torp S Vosgerau H Juhler RK Ernstsen V Rasmussen J Brinch UC Jacobsen OH 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):794-802
Pesticide mineralization and sorption were determined in 75 soil samples from 15 individually drilled holes through the vadose zone along a 28 km long transect of the Danish outwash plain. Mineralization of the phenoxyacetic acid herbicide MCPA was high both in topsoils and in most subsoils, while metribuzine and methyltriazine-amine was always low. Organic matter and soil pH was shown to be responsible for sorption of MCPA and metribuzine in the topsoils. The sorption of methyltriazine-amine in topsoil was positively correlated with clay and negatively correlated with the pH of the soil. Sorption of glyphosate was tested also high in the subsoils. One-dimensional MACRO modeling of the concentration of MCPA, metribuzine and methyltriazine-amine at 2 m depth calculated that the average concentration of MCPA and methyltriazine-amine in the groundwater was below the administrative limit of 0.1 μg/l in all tested profiles while metribuzine always exceeded the 0.1 μg/l threshold value. 相似文献
23.
Fiorentino CE Paoloni JD Sequeira ME Arosteguy P 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2007,93(1-4):122-129
Changes in the quality of groundwater resources are related to the presence and concentration of contaminants, especially trace elements such as arsenic, boron, fluoride and vanadium. Vanadium is a rare element naturally abundant, generally found in combination with other elements. Vanadium pentoxide is known to have aneugenic effects. Thus, a study was carried out to assess the presence of vanadium in the groundwater of the southeastern pampean region of Argentina, which constitutes the main water supply for the local population. Statistical and correlational analyses were applied to identify possible interrelationships between vanadium and another chemical elements. Vanadium was found in all groundwater samples. The minimum and maximum vanadium concentrations found were 0.05 mg/l and 2.47 mg/l, respectively. Vanadium is significantly correlated with other trace elements such as arsenic, fluoride and boron. The interrelationship between vanadium and the presence of volcanic glass in sediments is not significant as expected. 相似文献
24.
The main objective of this paper is to examine pollution threat, especially to the groundwater resources, around Tarapur industrial
area (also called the Tarapur MIDC area) located on the Arabian Sea Coast in Thane District of Maharashtra State, India and
suggest remedial measures that may also be relevant to other industrial areas on the Indian Sea Coast. One hundred and thirty
one samples were collected from various sources, such as dugwells, borewells, dug-cum-borewells, effluent sumps, drainage
channels (effluent channels), creeks and ocean, for chemical analyses. These analyses show that the area in general is characterized
by hard water and high salinity hazard, possibly due to its proximity and hydraulic connection with the sea. Although the
potability of groundwater is questionable in certain pockets, it is good enough for irrigation purposes at present. Low pH
value and high heavy metal contents in the adjoining Muramba creek water is a matter of great concern and may be attributed
to the indiscriminate disposal of industrial effluents to the drainage channels connecting the creek. Muramba Creek is well
connected with the Arabian Sea, and there are evidences of seawater intrusion around this creek. Because of the fact that
Muramba Creek is highly polluted, and is hydraulically connected with the dugwells and borewells surrounding the creek, it
cannot be ruled out that the groundwater around this creek is susceptible to contamination. Unless measures are not taken
immediately to stop the indiscriminate disposal of the solid wastes and liquid effluents in open ground and drainage channels,
and measures are not taken to maintain the appropriate pH values at the effluent treatment facilities before their disposal,
the problem would indeed be formidable one day, and it will be too late then for the authorities to take care of the resulting
maladies. Few suggestions have been given for controlling and managing the industrial pollution around the Tarapur MIDC area.
These suggestions are relevant to other industrial areas situated on the 7,000 km long Indian Sea Coast. 相似文献
25.
This paper examines the importance of the correlation between hydraulic conductivity (K) and degradation rate constant (k) during the transport of reactive contaminants in heterogeneous aquifers. We simulated reactive transport in an ensemble of two-dimensional heterogeneous aquifers. Two sets of transport simulations were conducted: one in which a perfect positive correlation was assumed between ln(K) and ln(k), and one in which a perfect negative correlation was assumed. We found that the sign of the correlation has important consequences for the contaminant transport. Qualitatively, a negative correlation leads to significantly more pronounced "fingering" of the contaminant plume than does a positive correlation, with potentially important consequences for downgradient receptors. Quantitatively, the expected behavior (as quantified by the contaminant mass remaining in the aquifer) is statistically different between the positive and negative cases: on average, more contaminant mass persists when K and k are negatively correlated. Also, the negative correlation leads to more variability between realizations of the ensemble, whereas a positive correlation induces relatively little variability between realizations. We discuss the implications of these findings for the management of contaminated aquifers. 相似文献
26.
Scholars of environmental injustice have pushed to see beyond the spatial distribution of environmental harms in studies of unwanted land uses. Building upon this work, this article examines how the complex geographies of environmental injustice play out in a coalition to prevent the construction of a coal-fired power plant in Surry County, Virginia. While spatially dispersed coalitions of negatively affected actors can strengthen efforts to prevent the construction of an unwanted land use, they can also perpetuate the environmental injustices surrounding it. To make this argument, particular attention is paid to the diverse reasons and ways differentially situated actors oppose an unwanted land use. It is demonstrated how the disparate concerns and differential tactics deployed by actors in coalitions against unwanted land uses are often embedded in and potentially contribute to longer histories of social injustice. 相似文献
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在煤炭开采过程中,煤炭被采出后其所在地下煤层会形成一定区域的采空区,并使煤层上方的顶板岩层失去支撑,由于顶板岩层的抗拉强度比较有限,因此在其顶板岩层自身重力与上覆岩层压力的影响下,很容易因顶板断裂、破碎而出现采空塌陷问题,这不仅会影响煤矿所在区域的生态安全,同时还会使地下水受到较大的负面影响。为此,本文结合煤矿采空塌陷的特点,围绕采空塌陷对地下水的影响展开了分析,并在此基础上提出了一些较为可行的采空塌陷区域地下水治理保护建议。 相似文献