鹤煤集团安全理念提升方法

总结鹤煤集团近年来在提升以安全理念为核心的安全文化方面值得推广的经验与做法。分析了公司推行的追求＂文明＂的安全目标理念、＂责任重于泰山＂的安全责任理念、尊重客观规律的安全风险理念、事故背后有故事的安全防范理念、赛马机制下的＂两条腿走路＂理念、＂木桶理论＂下的螺旋上升理念、系统工程论的齐抓共管理念以及以＂管理为中心＂的持续改进理念的理论和内涵,总结了以这八条理念为核心的安全文化建设与保障措施。最后进行实施效果的定量评估,共抽样分析179名员工,发现全部安全理念内容都有不同程度的提高。成果有助于类似煤矿企业树立安全理念、更好的建立安全文化,提高员工安全素质。     

胶东地块在古生代的浮沉

胶东—京畿地块在古生代并非“铁板一块”。中泥盆一早石炭世,裂解再生临津江—烟南冒地槽带;中、晚石炭世,郯庐海湾仲入成“诸城海湾”,并可能有二叠纪沼泽盆地。中生代运动使胶东地块复杂化。     

High individual variation in pheromone production by tree-killing bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Aggregation via pheromone signalling is essential for tree-killing bark beetles to overcome tree defenses and reproduce within hosts. Pheromone production is a trait that is linked to fitness, so high individual variation is paradoxical. One explanation is that the technique of measuring static pheromone pools overestimates true variation among individuals. An alternative hypothesis is that aggregation behaviour dilutes the contribution of individuals to the trait under selection and reduces the efficacy of natural selection on pheromone production by individuals. We compared pheromone measurements from traditional hindgut extractions of female southern pine beetles with those obtained by aerating individuals till they died. Aerations showed greater total pheromone production than hindgut extractions, but coefficients of variation (CV) remained high (60-182%) regardless of collection technique. This leaves the puzzle of high variation unresolved. A novel but simple explanation emerges from considering bark beetle aggregation behaviour. The phenotype visible to natural selection is the collective pheromone plume from hundreds of colonisers. The influence of a single beetle on this plume is enhanced by high variation among individuals but constrained by large group sizes. We estimated the average contribution of an individual to the pheromone plume across a range of aggregation sizes and showed that large aggregation sizes typical in mass attacks limit the potential of natural selection because each individual has so little effect on the overall plume. Genetic variation in pheromone production could accumulate via mutation and recombination, despite strong effects of the pheromone plume on the fitness of individuals within the aggregation. Thus, aggregation behaviour, by limiting the efficacy of natural selection, can allow the persistence of extreme phenotypes in nature.     

新疆工业循环经济发展模式研究

以新疆天业集团化工园及其发展循环经济的下游企业——青松天业水泥有限公司为例,通过对企业内部的清洁生产工艺,企业间生态产业链的物质代谢、产业共生和效益集成分析,总结天业集团循环经济型化工产业的成功经验并对其存在问题提出对策建议,探索新疆未来循环经济型工业的发展模式和发展方向。     

Conjunctive Water Use in Confined Basalt Aquifers: An Evaluation Using Geochemistry,a Numerical Model,and Historical Water Level

As withdrawals from deep compartmentalized aquifers increasingly exceed recharge throughout the western United States, conjunctive water use management alternatives have become an applied research priority. This study highlights both details and limitations of the role of irrigation canal seepage as groundwater recharge, revealing the regional limitations of canal seepage as a dependable source of recharge in overdrawn aquifers. A suite of geochemical indicators were used together with a numerical model to evaluate current and future management scenarios focused on recharge derived from seepage from a region‐wide irrigation canal system. Twenty‐five years of static groundwater level data were used to relate spatial trends determined using geochemistry and groundwater modeling with “on‐the‐ground” management practices, which vary based on acreage, crop, and irrigation scheduling. Increasing groundwater age determined using isotope analysis, and declines in potentiometric heads, each correlate with increasing distance from the canal reaches. Predictive modeling indicates that if pumping is gradually reduced, as has been suggested by management agencies, that recharge from canal seepage will be negligible by 2035 due to regional groundwater through‐flow and the pattern of potentiometric head recovery. Unfortunately, historic hydrographs suggest that under current groundwater development conditions most wells are not sustainable, irrespective of proximity to the canal.     

多元联系数的集对分析法在城市燃气埋地管道系统危险性评价中的应用

城市燃气埋地管道系统中存在诸多不确定因素,集对分析是处理不确定性问题的系统分析方法,它将系统中确定与不确定因素作为一个整体进行处理。针对多元联系数集对分析评价方法存在的不足,讨论其使用条件,运用集对分析的多元联系数对系统的危险等级进行划分。为了减轻评价者的主观影响,根据评价专家的综合素质,对评价专家进行权重赋值。最后将评价结果与集对势相结合对系统的危险性进行综合分析,使得评价结果更符合系统的发展变化特点。     

Social network analysis and valid Markov chain Monte Carlo tests of null models

Analyses of animal social networks derived from group-based associations often rely on randomisation methods developed in ecology (Manly, Ecology 76:1109–1115, 1995) and made available to the animal behaviour community through implementation of a pair-wise swapping algorithm by Bejder et al. (Anim Behav 56:719–725, 1998). We report a correctable flaw in this method and point the reader to a wider literature on the subject of null models in the ecology literature. We illustrate the importance of correcting the method using a toy network and use it to make a preliminary analysis of a network of associations among eagle rays.

Gunnison’s prairie dog (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cynomys gunnisoni</Emphasis>): testing the resource dispersion hypothesis

Few studies have experimentally tested the resource dispersion hypothesis (RDH). In this study, I tested whether space use and social organization of Gunnison’s prairie dog responded to changes in the dispersion and abundance of resources. Food manipulations were carried out during the reproductive and nonreproductive seasons across 2 years. Gunnison’s prairie dog adults responded to the experiments by decreasing territory size as food became patchier in space and time. Both males and females modified their home ranges, with no detectable difference between sexes, either prior to or during the experiments. As food became patchier in space and time, the spatial overlap of adults increased, whereas it decreased as food became more evenly dispersed. The average size of a group, defined as those individuals occupying the same territory, did not change significantly as a result of the experiments. Where changes in the composition and size of groups did occur, there was no indication that such changes were sex specific. Results from this study support critical components of the RDH and strongly suggest that patterns of space use and social structure in Gunnison’s prairie dogs are the result of individual responses to resource abundance and distribution.     

改进生态位理论用于水生态安全优先调控

引进模糊数学隶属度的概念,改进了传统的生态位理论,以漳卫南运河流域上、中、下游的3个典型城市(县)(潞城市、新乡县与德州市)为例,计算其在12个资源轴不同梯度上的隶属度、生态位宽度与生态位重叠,并基于此分析了水生态安全的优先调控区与优先调控指标. 结果表明:①潞城市、新乡县、德州市的平均生态位宽度分别为1.332、1.441、1.289,说明新乡县在12个资源轴上均具有较强的适应能力,而德州市的适应能力最弱;潞城市、新乡县、德州市的平均生态位重叠分别为2.097、2.285、2.318,说明德州市与其他2个典型城市(县)在资源利用上具有相似性,尤其是德州市与新乡县在资源利用上具有较高的相似性,可能存在潜在竞争. ②3个典型城市(县)均对森林覆盖率、万元GDP用水量、水资源开发利用率的改变具有较强的适应性;3个典型城市(县)在人均水资源量资源轴上的生态位重叠最大,并集中于一个较窄的梯度区间内,可能会引发潜在竞争. ③德州市是漳卫南运河流域未来水生态安全保障的优先区和水生态安全改善的优先调控区,而人均水资源量、人均GDP、产水模数、城市环境用水所占比例等4个指标均可作为未来水生态安全改善的调控指标,其中人均水资源量是优先调控指标.      

国家公园效果评价体系研究

建立国家公园是保护生物多样性和促进地方发展的重要途径之一,开展国家公园效果评价是了解国家公园功能发挥的有效途径。通过查阅大量文献及德尔菲法（Delphi）,确定了与国家公园效果相关的28个评价指标,同时以功能为主导,将评价指标归纳为5个功能指标群：保护功能指标群（7个评价指标）、科研功能指标群（6个评价指标）、游憩功能指标群（7个评价指标）、教育功能指标群（4个评价指标）和经济发展功能指标群（4个评价指标）,通过对评价指标的赋分（5分制原则）和计算权重,从而达到国家公园效果评价的量化,实现对国家公园建设效果的评价。