三峡库区长江干流入出库水质评价及其变化趋势

水质问题关系着三峡工程的安全运行与库区社会经济的可持续发展.选取重庆朱沱断面和湖北南津关断面分别代表三峡库区长江干流的入出库断面,在对DO、COD_(Mn)和NH_3-N的年均、季均值统计基础上,运用基于灰色关联系数矩阵的TOPSIS法评价入出库水质,运用R/S法查明入出库水质的未来变化趋势.结果表明:入出库水质在2004—2014年间均介于Ⅰ、Ⅱ类间(《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)),其中,2004—2007年、2012—2014年均为Ⅰ类,2008年均为Ⅱ类,2009—2010年均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ类间变动,且均距Ⅰ类较近;入出库断面每年4个季度水质的相对贴近度均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ类间波动,但更偏近于Ⅰ类,这一趋势在多年平均情况下最为显著,2005—2007、2009、2010和2013年整体上两断面水质在4个季度中存在着相反的变化趋势;年均入库水质变化明显呈现良好趋势,而出库水质变化趋势基本不变.入出库季均水质变化呈现明显的阶段性差异,入出库过去的水质变好趋势会延续到未来相同的时间序列里,但这种水质变好趋势在将来的变化中并不稳定,具有一定的随机性.本研究结果有助于提高人们对三峡工程阶段性的蓄水对长江干流水质产生明显影响的认识,丰富人们对近年实施的环库生态治理工程成效的理解.     

土生拉乌尔菌TGRB3的生物学特性及其不同氧气浓度条件下的汞甲基化

从三峡库区消落带土壤中分离、纯化得到1株具有汞甲基化能力的细菌,对其形态、生理生化特征及16S rRNA基因序列进行分析后,鉴定为土生拉乌尔菌,并命名为RaouLtella terrigena TGRB3.研究发现,菌株TGRB3具有强酸碱和盐度适应能力,为中高温型菌,在pH=4～9和盐度0.2%～4.0%范围内均能正常生长,最适生长温度为25℃.在Hg~(2+)浓度为1000μg·L~(-1)时,菌株生长受到显著抑制.此外,在初始Hg~(2+)浓度为300 ng·L~(-1)的条件下探讨了该菌在不同氧气浓度(0、7%、14%和21%)下的生长情况及汞甲化能力.结果表明,该菌的生长不受氧气浓度的制约,但在有氧条件下生长更好,且在厌氧或低氧浓度条件下具有更强且稳定的汞甲基化能力.在氧气浓度为14%和21%的条件下,该菌的最大甲基汞含量分别为(0.54±0.01)和(1.62±0.08) ng·L~(-1),试验后期表现出较强的去甲基化现象,培养54 h后的甲基汞含量显著降低为(0.08±0.02)和(0.05±0.00) ng·L~(-1);而在氧气浓度为0和7%的条件下,最大甲基汞含量分别为(6.75±1.75)和(3.24±0.74) ng·L~(-1),且在试验周期内甲基汞持续产生,平均浓度分别为(3.23±1.39)和(1.66±0.71) ng·L~(-1).本试验结果可望为三峡库区消落带土壤汞生物甲基化机理的深入研究及汞污染风险评价等提供全新的试验材料.     

改进遗传算法在污水处理工艺优选决策指标权值确定中的应用

构建了基于模糊聚类的改进遗传算法（简称FMGA）,用于污水处理工艺优选决策指标权值的确定。FMGA的数值仿真结果表明,该算法能有效避免早熟收敛,能在较短时间内获取指标权值并且运算过程稳定。最后,将FMGA用于确定三峡库区城镇污水处理工艺优选决策指标的权值。结果表明,经济（0．2602）〉技术（0．2094）〉能耗（0．...     

AB法的发展及其在三峡库区的应用前景

结合三峡库区水质，经济状况，在综合分析ＡＢ法特点的基础上，指出ＡＢ法在三峡库区有较广阔应用前景。     

三峡水库对长江,嘉陵江重庆城区段水质影响初探

本文利用已有的研究成果，初步探讨了三峡工程兴建之后，在正常蓄水位时长江，嘉陵江重庆城区段的水文，水力学特征，预测了重庆城区范围２０１０年的污染物排放水平，用二维水质模型对建库后两江城区段的水质进行了模拟，并对建库前后的浓度变化作了大致的比较。     

三峡库区非线性延迟的环境效应及其防治对策

介绍了非线性延迟的环境效应的概念、危害及其预测和防治对策。针对三峡库区的污染现状，与浙江千岛湖（新安江水库）建库40年后蓝藻水华暴发的环境状况比较，强调三峡水库局部水域可能存在人为富营养化污染引起的非线性延迟的环境效应，特别是水库蓄水后库区支流香溪河水域蓝藻水华暴发的风险性极大；根据三峡水库毗邻武陵山汞矿带高汞背景区，燃煤的硫和汞含量较高，以及库区酸沉降和汞污染状况较为严重的状况，提出库区存在汞甲基化和酸沉降引起的非线性环境效应。讨论了相应这些效应的控制对策和措施，并建议现在充分重视这些非线性环境效应，在库区生态环境建设中要考虑这些影响的防治措施。     

基于结构化设计的湖、库富营养化模型研究

基于结构化设计概念，将LEEDs模型与人工神经网络模型耦合，建立湖、库富营养化模型，模型包含N、P、COD、水温、水深和流速等6个控制模块。并以三峡水库为例预测结果表明，在3月和9～10月，月平均气温约为17℃，水深约为5m，流速约为0．02m／s时，三峡库区水体富营养化指标最大。模型具有可扩展性强，维护、升级容易等优点，可对模型中各个相对独立的模块进行调整，以适应不同湖库的实际情况。     

Exploiting pattern and sustainable development of marginal lands in the Three Gorge Reservoir Areas

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＭａｒｇｉｎａｌｌａｎｄｓ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓａｋｉｎｄｏｆｅｃｏｔｏｎｅ,ｍｅａｎｓｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎａｌｚｏｎｅｏｆｔｗｏｏｒｍｏｒｅｈｅｔｅｒｏｇｅｎｅｏｕｓｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ(Ｗｕ,1998).Ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓａｍｏｎｇｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｆａｃｔｏｒｓｏｒｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｉｓｚｏｎｅｃａｎｃａｕｓｅｇｒｅａｔｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｉｎｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓａｎｄｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ(ｓｕｃｈａｓｖｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎｔｙｐｅ,ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｄｅｎｓｉ…     

Nutrient cycling characteristics of Quercus acutissima and Pinus massoniana mixed forest in the Three-Gorge Reservoir area, China

The cycling characteristics of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) of the Quercus acutissima and Pinus massoniana mixed forest, which is the most common forest type in the Three Gorge Reservoir areas in China, were systematically analyzed. The results showed that N, P and K accumulated in the plant pool and in the litter pool, while total N, P, and K were deficient in the soil pool and in the forest systems. Contents of N in the soil of depth 20-40 cm were the key factor limiting growth of trees. The biological outside cycling coefficients were 8.78, 72.5 and 11.7 times of inside cycling coefficients of N, P and K, respectively. 33.92, 10.26 and 15.88 kg of N, P and K return to the litter pool from branches, leaves and throughfall per year, but, 14.31, 1.32 and 10.48 kg of N, P and K return to the soil from litter pool per year respectively. It is clear that 58% of N, 87% of P, and 34% of K are lost by surface runoff per year. 5.49%, 1.30%, and 8.34% of N, P and K withdraw from leaves to branches, 4.99%, 1.99% and 7.30% of N, P and K withdraw from branches to trunks per year,respectively.     

Nutrient cycling characteristics of Quercus acutissima and Pinus massoniana mixed forest in the Three Gorge Reservoir area, China

The cycling characteristics of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) of the Quercus acutissima and Pinus massonianamixed forest which is the most common forest type in the Three Gorge Reservoir areas in China, were systematically analyzed. The results showed that N, P and K accumulated in the plant pool and in the litter pool, while total N, P, and K were deficient in the soil pool and in the forest systems. Contents of N in the soil of depth 20—40 cm were the key factor limiting growth of trees. The biological outside cycling coefficients were 8.78, 72.5 and 11.7 times of inside cycling coefficients of N, P and K, respectively. 33.92, 10.26 and 15.88 kg of N, P and K return to the litter pool from branches, leaves and throughfall per year, but, 14.31, 1.32 and 10.48 kg of N, P and K return to the soil from litter pool per year respectively. It is clear that 58% of N, 87% of P, and 34% of K are lost by surface runoff per year. 5.49%, 1.30%, and 8.34% of N, P and K withdraw from leaves to branches, 4.99%, 1.99% and 7.30% of N, P and K withdraw from branches to trunks per year, respectively.