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81.
Lawrence J. MacDonnell David H. Getches William C. Hugenberg 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1995,31(5):825-836
ABSTRACT: The waters of the Colorado River are divided among seven states according to a complex ‘Law of the River’ drawn from interstate compacts, international treaties, statutes, and regulations. The Law of the River creates certain priorities among the states and the Republic of Mexico, and in the event of a severe sustained drought, the Law of the River dictates the distribution of water and operation of the elaborate reservoir system. Earlier work indicated that there is remarkable resilience in the system for established uses of water in the Lower Basin of the Colorado River. This work shows, based on an application of the Law of the River using computer modeling of operations of facilities on the Colorado River, that there may be serious environmental consequences and related legal restraints on how the water is used in times of shortage and that the existing legal and institutional framework governing the Colorado River does not adequately address all the issues that would be raised in a severe sustained drought. Several possible legal options for dealing with drought in the context of the Law of the River are identified. 相似文献
82.
Taiye B. Sangoyomi Benjamin L. Harding 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1995,31(5):925-938
ABSTRACT: We evaluated the effects of institutional responses developed for coping with a severe sustained drought (SSD) in the Colorado River Basin on selected system variables using a SSD inflow hydrology derived from the drought which occurred in the Colorado River basin from 1579–1616. Institutional responses considered are reverse equalization, salinity reduction, minimum flow requirements, and temporary suspension of the delivery obligation of the Colorado River Compact. Selected system variables (reservoir contents, streamflows, consumptive uses, salinity, and power generation) from scenarios incorporating the drought-coping responses were compared to those from Baseline conditions using the current operating criteria. The coping responses successfully mitigated some impacts of the SSD on consumptive uses in the Upper Basin with only slight impacts on consumptive uses in the Lower Basin, and successfully maintained specified minimum streamflows throughout the drought with no apparent effect on consumptive uses. The impacts of the coping responses on other system variables were not as clear cut. We also assessed the effects of the drought-coping responses to normal and wet hydrologic conditions to determine if they were overly conservative. The results show that the rules would have inconsequential effects on the system during normal and wet years. 相似文献
83.
Recycling wastewater seems to have become a highly useful technique for meeting the shortage of fresh water in all parts of the world. It seems all the more important for Muslim countries because a large number of these countries face acute fresh water shortage. This paper views the problem from an Islamic viewpoint, that is, in the light of the Qur'n, theSunnah, andFiqh works.In Islamic law, water is classified into three categories oftahr,thir, andmutanajjis. The last two categories can be transmuted intotahr water and thus may be used for all mundane as well as religious purposes if they are assimilated into the overall supply oftahr water. This would be lawful from the Islamic viewpoint even without treating the water. To make use of modern technology in order to recycle wastewater effluents after treatment seems quite in keeping with the spirit and letter of the Islamic teachings. 相似文献
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本文回顾了我国环境保护产业的形成、发展及其特点。并从法律、经济、社会文化等方面分析了我国环保产业目前所处战略态势,就目前存在的问题和解决问题的方法做了分析探讨。 相似文献
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本文简述了大气污染与气溶胶的关系,论述了平流层气溶胶对地球辐射收支的影响,从而说明平流层气溶胶的光学性质的变化将影响全球大气环境,在此基础上,计算了不同背景平流层气溶胶的光学常数和光学特性参数。并使用模式光学常数计算了3种火山模工气溶胶的光学特性参数。同时,考察了这些特性参数对光学常数的敏感性。结果表明,后向散射系数对光学常数的变化最敏感,对于某些波长,它的相对变化可比光学常数的相对变化大一个数量 相似文献
88.
森林资源在生态系统的保护中有着多方面的功能,保护森林资源对于环境保护、经济发展和科学研究有着重要意义。我国森林资源破坏严重,其中重要原因之一就是有关森林资源保护法律中存在着许多不完善之处。本文指出我国《森林法》关于法律责任规定存在的问题,提出了违法砍伐林木者应当承担远期保护责任的立法建议。 相似文献
89.
刘少宁 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2007,17(1):4-6
最近美国离境外包经济发展很快,并引发继第一次产业革命(即工业革命)和第二次产业革命(即服务业超过制造业)之后的第三次产业革命,进而美国大批制造业向国外转移。这对我国承接制造业的产业转移是重大机遇,但同时也会遇到污染、能源转移的问题。建议我国抓住机遇,保持和发挥人力资源优势,迅速发展制造业,同时积极应对环境影响,分类管理,严格执法。 相似文献
90.