无人机用航空铝合金材料激光毁伤特性缩比实验研究

目的 通过开展激光对无人机用航空铝合金材料的缩比毁伤实验,为研究激光对无人机的毁伤特性及规律奠定基础,为激光武器的战技指标论证提供科学可靠的参考数据。方法 采用缩比模型法,利用激光对航空铝靶板进行毁伤实验,记录烧穿时间、光斑直径、激光功率等参数,并通过等效性修正实验对毁伤规律进行分析。结果 毁伤缩比实验中,随着尺度律cP的增加,航空铝板的平均击穿时间逐渐延长,击穿所需的激光能量密度基本符合线性增加规律。修正实验中,随着航空铝板厚度的增加,击穿时间逐渐延长,实验拟合曲线与理论曲线具有较好的一致性。结论 通过缩比实验与修正实验,可建立激光对航空铝合金材料的毁伤模型公式,根据激光参数推算毁伤阈值及击穿时间。     

蜈蚣草根部对As（Ⅲ）的吸收特性

采用水培实验对蜈蚣草吸收As（Ⅲ）的吸收特性进行了研究,结果表明在各个处理浓度范围内,培养液中As（Ⅲ）的吸收效率随着时间递增.当处理浓度为10 mg·L-1时,24 h后蜈蚣草对As（Ⅲ）的吸收高达97.57%,而在处理浓度为500 mg·L^-1和1000 mg·L^-1时,蜈蚣草对As（Ⅲ）的吸收比例明显降低,吸...     

关于植物中氟化物测定结果的计算

针对植物中氟化物测定时由于绘制校准曲线的标准溶液体积与分析样品的定容体积不一样而引出的结果计算时的某些问题,提出了正确的计算方法和建议。     

Ecological state equation

The direct equivalence between ecology and thermodynamics has not been attained despite accepted thermodynamic features of the ecosystem. This article explores the homeomorphism between ecology and statistical mechanics by analysis of ruderal vegetation. In conventional thermostatistical algorithm, the pro-kinetic effect of temperature on molecules was replaced by the anti-kinetic effect of species diversity on biological individuals. The existence of an ecological equivalent of the thermodynamic Boltzmann constant was empirically verified. From the relationship of this constant with biocenological variables, we derived a probable ecological equation of state under stationary and quasi-stationary conditions. This equation of state is homeomorphic with regard to the ideal gas state equation, and it is useful to infer the value of some biocenological parameters whose direct measurement is difficult, as biomass, energy and dispersal. According to these results, ecosystem assessment from conventional thermostatistics is plausible and empirically verifiable. This approach offers useful analytical tools for the conservation and restoration of ecosystems.     

化学需氧量在造纸废水中分布规律及采样点位的优化

目前对造纸废水的监测通常采取随机取样,很少考虑污染物在废水中的分布情况,所以取得的样品很难反映污染物的实际排放情况。为此,通过对某造纸厂排废废水中化学需氧量分布夫妻及采样点位的优化研究。     

基于3G网络平台的环保移动执法系统构建

从当前环保现场执法所面临的手段落后、执法尺度不一等实际问题出发,构建了一套依托于3G无线通信平台的移动执法系统。该系统采用先进的网络通讯技术,借助执法终端PDA手机,可实现在执法现场实时查询环保动、静态信息,录入、打印检查笔录及执法表单等功能,实现环保监察部门统一执法、规范执法流程、提高执法效率的最终目标。     

大型火电机组二氧化硫排放规律研究

选取35台装机容量30万千瓦以上大型火电机组,进行了为期2年的监测。总结出大型火电机组二氧化硫排放规律,对大型火电机组燃煤含硫量、脱硫设施脱硫效率和二氧化硫排放浓度三者间的关系进行了统计分析,建立了线性回归方程,进而对燃用不同含硫量燃煤的火电机组执行不同排放标准时,配套脱硫设施需要达到的脱硫效率进行了预测。     

Economic development and environmental protection: an ecological economics perspective

This paper argues on both theoretical and empirical grounds that, beyond a certain point, there is an unavoidable conflictbetween economic development (generally taken to mean 'materialeconomic growth') and environmental protection. Think for a moment of natural forests, grasslands, marine estuaries, salt marshes, and coral reefs; and of arable soils, aquifers, mineraldeposits, petroleum, and coal. These are all forms of 'natural capital' that represent highly-ordered self-producing ecosystemsor rich accumulations of energy/matter with high use potential (low entropy). Now contemplate despoiled landscapes, eroding farmlands, depleted fisheries, anthropogenic greenhouse gases,acid rain, poisonous mine tailings and toxic synthetic compounds.These all represent disordered systems or degraded forms of energy and matter with little use potential (high entropy). The main thing connecting these two states is human economic activity. Ecological economics interprets the environment-economyrelationship in terms of the second law of thermodynamics. The second law sees economic activity as a dissipative process. Fromthis perspective, the production of economic goods andservices invariably requires the consumption of available energy and matter. To grow and develop, the economynecessarily 'feeds' on sources of high-quality energy/matter first produced by nature. This tends to disorder and homogenizethe ecosphere, The ascendance of humankind has consistently been accompanied by an accelerating rate of ecological degradation, particularly biodiversity loss, the simplificationof natural systems and pollution. In short, contemporary political rhetoric to the contrary, the prevailing growth-oriented global development paradigm is fundamentally incompatible with long-term ecological and social sustainability. Unsustainability is not a technical nor economic problem as usually conceived, but rather a state of systemic incompatibilitybetween a economy that is a fully-contained, growing, dependent sub-system of a non-growing ecosphere. Potential solutions fly inthe face of contemporary development trends and cultural values.     

农药和其它有机化合物环境参数的相关性及其预测

农药和其它有机化合物的水溶解度、正辛醇／水分配系数、有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子等物化参数之间存在着明显的相关性，有机化合物的水溶解度与其正辛醇／水分配系数、有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子呈负相关；正辛醇／水分配系数与有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子呈正相关。本文所建立的数学关系式能较好地预测未知化合物的环境特性。     

蒽醌化合物的光解动力学及定量结构-性质关系

以高压汞灯为光源, 测定了15 种蒽醌化合物(ATQs)的光解速率常数(k), 讨论了取代基位置、数目及种类对ATQs 光解速率的影响.另外,选取9 种氨基蒽醌, 应用偏最小二乘(PLS)算法, 建立了关于k的定量结构-性质关系(QSPR)模型. 根据该模型, 决定k值大小的主要因素包括:分子生成热、H 原子所带最大正电荷、C 原子所带最大负电荷,以及分子最低未占据轨道与最高占据轨道能量差.