信息量模型在地质灾害调查与区划中的应用研究

以浙江省仙居县地质灾害调查与区划项目为例,在分析当地实际地质情况的基础上结合信息论原理,对仙居县进行了基于多因素分析的地质灾害预测区划。经分析计算．得出的区划结果基本符合仙居县的实际情况。故用信息量模型进行地质灾害区划是可行的。     

个人因素事故致因模型的探讨

从个人因素事故致因模型出发．探讨了潜在危险存在的情况下．个人因素与事故发生之间的联系;分析了不同的个人因素对于潜在危险的感知认识的作用和影响以及由此而决定的工作行为的安全程度;讨论了以控制导致事故发生的个人因素为出发点．用以预防事故发生的对策措施;提出在现代安全科学领域中,不仅要解决职工安全生产技术方面的问题．更要强调职工个人的社会性,在工作之中的成就感,被尊重的程度．这样才能达到充分激励职工、加强安全生产的目的。     

生态示范区建设的模式及其实践的几点思考

就生态示范区建设的重要性、生态示范区建设模式进行探讨,分析了生态示范区建设模式的成功范例,最后提出创建生态示范区的建议。     

Developing and validating a scientific model for exploring safe work practices in interdisciplinary teams

Health research literature on quality and safety in recent years has pointed to a need to explore the characteristics of interdisciplinary team work unique to the health care sector and the particular organization. The literature also has identified a need for scientific models that explore and integrate existing findings concerning team dynamics. In this article, I attempt to address these concerns by developing and validating a scientific model for exploring safe work practices of interdisciplinary OR teams. Specifically, existing health research literature on quality and safety is reviewed to identify and incorporate various team-related aspects into dimensions of the proposed model. To further validate the model, I conduct an ethnographic study of safe work practices within an interdisciplinary OR setting. I find that safe work practices can be viewed as a product of the individual’s and team’s ability to draw on and combine explicit and tacit knowledge repertoires, which again is a product of the particular inner and outer structural conditions of a system. While the findings add their own unique distinctiveness to the scientific model, the findings also compare to the existing aspects and dimensions of the model. I conclude that the fit of the empirical data to the model improves the validity of the model, and also the potential application of the model in ethnographic research within different medical and/or team settings.     

Assessing safety culture in the Spanish nuclear industry through the use of working groups

This paper presents the design and the implementation of a methodology for measuring and improving safety culture at a nuclear power plant (NPP). The study has involved the completion of a pilot project aimed at seeing how to make use of the RADAR logic (Results, Approach, Deployment, Assessment and Review) of the EFQM model as a tool for the self assessment of safety culture in a nuclear power plant. The work was aimed at finding evidence of the safety culture that was in place at the plant and at identifying both the strengths of that culture and any areas in which it could be improved. The score obtained from an analysis of those strengths and areas for improvement has made it possible to prioritise the actions to be taken. The identification of perceptions and evidence, the agreement on the strong points and areas for improvement and the quantification of the safety culture have been performed by groups comprising volunteers who work at the NPP. The advantages of this methodology are assessed in the paper.     

电絮凝技术处理洗车废水试验

采用电絮凝技术处理洗车废水,以保证处理后出水能够循环利用。考察电流密度、初始pH值、NaCl浓度及电解时间等操作因素对COD与浊度去除效果的影响。结果表明,在最佳处理条件下,出水达到生活杂用水水质标准;另外,去除COD过程符合一级动力学模型,去除单位浓度COD产生4.02×10-3kg湿污泥、3.10×10-4kg干污泥。     

[HPMo][OTAC]2/SiO2的制备及其催化柴油氧化脱硫的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备不同负载量的[HPMo][OTAC]2/SiO2,通过红外光谱、比表面积和孔结构分析对[HPMo][OTAC]2/SiO2进行表征,考察负载量、催化剂用量、氧化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对模拟柴油脱硫效果的影响。结果表明,掺杂后的催化剂保持了Keggin结构,[HPMo][OTAC]2/SiO2在最佳反应条件下,苯并噻吩的脱除率达到48.3%,二苯并噻吩的脱除率达到67.2%。     

煤矿安全投资效率评价的DEA模型及其应用

为评价煤矿安全投资效率,借助于数据包络分析(DEA)方法,选取某煤业集团6个煤矿的安全投入产出数据,构建DEA模型。用所得结果对各煤矿的安全投资效率进行分析,并提出改进意见。结果表明,随着安全投入的增加,煤矿综合生产效率、纯技术效率和规模报酬有所提升。通过规模报酬区间分析,发现煤矿安全投资存在不稳定的现象,煤矿在安全教育、职业健康及日常安全管理方面的投资还有待提高。建议煤矿决策层应根据实际情况加强煤矿安全投资持续性,并使决策单元向DEA的有效方向转变。实践说明,煤矿的安全投入是获得最大安全产出的关键。     

基于云模型的海上交通系统风险蒙特卡罗仿真

为扩展海上交通系统(MTS)风险的数据样本,更好地开展海上交通系统风险评估研究,有必要研究系统风险仿真中的模型与算法问题。在讨论不确定性信息中随机性和模糊性的基础上,引入云模型来取代概率分布参数下的蒙特卡罗仿真模型。经对无确定度的原始云特征参数求解,获得海上交通系统风险的还原云滴,有效增加海上交通系统风险数据样本,进而分析出风险数值仿真下的海上交通系统风险特征。通过有效性检验,云模型下仿真的变异系数比基于对数正态分布下仿真的结果更稳定。云模型下的仿真结果更准确地逼近原始样本的特性。风险的模糊性和随机性信息量化问题得到解决。     

基于模糊Bow-tie模型的深水海底管道定量风险评价研究

为有效评价深水海底管道风险,提出一种新的模糊Bow-tie模型定量风险评价方法。综合运用Bow-tie图、模糊集以及德尔菲法,定量分析油气泄漏概率。进一步利用层次分析法(AHP)研究油气泄漏后果的严重程度,给出泄漏后果因素的权重系数选择方案。同时,结合风险矩阵,实现对高风险深水海底管道的定量风险评价。将上述方法用到具体海底管道工程中,得出目标海底管道泄漏概率属于A级,泄漏后果属于Ⅲ级,泄漏风险为高风险,这一结果与实际情况较为符合。