Fall-related injuries for three ages groups – Analysis of Swedish registry data 1999–2013

Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze which factors (including factors pertaining to the individual, the household, and the local area) increase the risk of fall injuries for the three age groups with the highest risk for fall injuries in Sweden. Method: The study combined longitudinal data covering the period 1999–2013 from several different official registries from Statistics Sweden as well as from the Swedish health care system and fitted the models to data using mixed model regressions. Results: Three age groups had a markedly heightened risk for fall injuries: 1–3-year olds, 12–14 year olds, and the elderly (65+). The home was the most common location for fall injuries, as about 40% of all fall injuries occur in the home. Only for the elderly strong predictors for fall injuries were found, and these were: age, single household, and special housing. Conclusions: There is preventive potential in the special residences for the elderly and disabled. People living in these special residences make up a strongly selected group that needs extra safe environments. Our findings indicate that their needs are currently not meet. Practical applications: Design of special residences for the elderly and disabled should aim at reducing the consequences of falling.     

低温等离子强化复合钙基吸附剂脱汞实验研究

在固定床吸附实验台上对低温等离子改性前后的复合钙基吸附剂进行脱汞实验,深入探究SO₂和O₂对具有较高孔隙率和比表面积的复合钙基吸附剂脱汞性能的影响.并通过多种表征手段和方法分析复合钙基吸附剂对Hg⁰的吸附机理.实验结果表明,由于等离子改性提高了吸附剂表面的含氧官能团的相对含量,经等离子改性的复合钙基吸附剂的脱汞效率有明显提高.在N₂+0.07% SO₂+6% O₂气氛下,吸附剂脱汞效率相比于无氧气氛由23.7%增至91.2%,吸附剂脱汞效率明显提高.此时吸附剂表面的羟基、酯基官能团作为主要反应活性位点,而羰基官能团的作用不明显.O₂的存在促使活性炭表面由碳原子不饱和键形成的活性位增加,促进了Hg⁰的吸附,同时生成多种汞化合物.随着SO₂浓度升至0.15%,改性复合钙基吸附剂表面活性位再次出现不足,此时SO₂抢夺Hg⁰的吸附位点,脱汞效率降至23.3%.     

Surface characteristics of shales and implication on metal sorption

Differences in surface characteristics between alkaline and acidic shales are demonstrated in the present study. The alkaline shales are characterized by convex surface titration profiles, while the acidic shale exhibits a concave titration profile. Analysis of surface functional groups reveal that carboxylic acids predominate in alkaline shales and the acidic shale is characterized by C=S, C=N (pyridine derivative) and urea (C=O) functional groups, while it lacks –COOH group. The close proximity between pH and point of zero charge for the most acidic and alkaline shales indicate that surface complexation may not play a dominant role in sorption when the system pH is controlled by these sediments.     

Detecting general plant functional type responses in fragmented landscapes using spatially-explicit simulations

Habitat loss and increasing landscape fragmentation are known to be key forces driving the ongoing loss of plant species diversity. While the combined effects of increasing isolation and decreasing population size have been studied intensively; it is less understood how plant population performance in heterogeneous landscapes is affected by changes in fragmentation alone.     

The social dimension of biodiversity policy in the European Union: Valuing the benefits to vulnerable communities

This paper uses GIS-based mapping tools and economic valuation of ecosystem goods and services to explore the social dimension of biodiversity policy. We investigate the linkages between biodiversity, ecosystem service values, and socio-economic vulnerability indicators in a spatially explicit framework and at different geographic scales. Our focus is on Europe, where biodiversity and ecosystem benefits have been well studied for many ecosystems, such as forests, coastal ecosystems and freshwater wetlands. The analysis focuses in particular on rural agricultural areas and remote mountainous regions accounting for the differences across various income groups, both at national and regional levels. The results of the study provide useful insights for EU policymakers in designing policy instruments that can promote biodiversity conservation and prevent natural resource degradation, on the one hand, while contributing to social stability and human livelihoods, on the other hand.     

煤矿不同群体间安全文化认知的比较研究

为探究煤矿企业不同群体员工对安全文化认知的差异,将企业员工划分为管理层、专业人员、班组长和一线员工4类群体。通过问卷和SCAP（safety culture analysis program）系统分析等方法,对南阳矿业公司下属3个煤矿中的150名员工进行了安全文化认知水平测评,并利用SPSS 18.0对所得数据进行处理。结果表明:不同群体间安全文化认知水平存在显著差异,样本群体对于企业理念理解、安全业绩、员工违章3个要素认知水平较低;管理层、专业人员、班组长和一线员工安全文化认知水平得分分别为74.4,75,76.4和73.2,其中,班组长的安全文化认知水平最高,一线员工的安全文化认知水平最低,且管理层人员的安全文化认知水平较国际上安全业绩最好企业的同类人员偏低,差值达19.2分。     

电凝聚臭氧化耦合工艺的有机物处理特性及去除机制解析

以污水厂二级出水溶解性有机物强效去除为目的,本研究构建了电凝聚臭氧化耦合(E-HOC)体系,明确了该体系对污水厂二级出水及布洛芬的处理特性,探明了有机物的强化去除机制.结果表明,在pH5条件下,E-HOC工艺对二级出水溶解性有机物的去除效果更优,相较于臭氧氧化、电絮凝工艺、预臭氧化-电絮凝工艺、电絮凝串联臭氧工艺以及化...     

官能团和湿度对活性炭吸附二氯甲烷影响的分子模拟

利用分子模拟软件构建狭缝孔模型,通过调节官能团的种类、含量及湿度,了解在不同情况下活性炭吸附二氯甲烷时应选择的结构.结果 表明,在1,0 nm的孔中加入适当数量的羰基、羟基或羧基,在低压下都有利于二氯甲烷的吸附,其中,羧基的吸附效果最好.在二氯甲烷分压为1 Pa条件下,孔径为1.0 nm、羧基含量为6.25％的活性炭和...     

上海市居民人发重金属含量及其空间分布特征研究

采集上海市15个区(不包括崇明县),年龄在0~80岁之间的84例居民人发样品作为研究对象,着重分析上海市居民头发中镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)和锌(Zn)4种重金属元素含量,探究其与年龄的关系及空间分布特征.结果显示,上海市居民头发中Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn 4种重金属平均含量均在正常范围内,Cd含量为(0.11±0.19)μg·g~(-1),Cu为(11.42±8.75)μg·g~(-1),Pb为(1.64±2.12)μg·g~(-1),Zn为(121.20±106.59)μg·g~(-1),与国内外其他地区相比,上海市居民这4种重金属的污染水平较低.单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)表明,Pb和Cd含量的高值集中于0~10岁儿童,且与其他年龄段有显著差异,说明儿童较容易受到Pb和Cd的污染;利用样本数据进行反距离加权插值(IDW),得到上海市居民头发中4种重金属含量的空间分布规律,其中发Pb和发Cd含量呈现出由市区向郊区递减的变化特征.     

Effect of heavy metals on soil nematode communities in the vicinity of a metallurgical factory

The influence of Cu and Zn on soil nematode communities was examined along a pollution gradient with increasing distance from a metallurgical factory. Total and available heavy metal contents were used to study the effects of heavy metals on nematode abundance, trophic groups and ecological indices. The results demonstrated significant correlations between the number of total nematodes, bacterivores, plant-parasites and the total and available heavy metals. Bacterivores and plant-parasites were the dominant trophic groups. Significant differences in different sampling sites were found only in the number of bacterivores（P〈0.01）. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index（W）, trophic diversity index（TD）, evenness index（J＇） and dominance index（λ） were found to be sensitive to soil pH and C/N ratios. Significant correlations were found between the total nematodes （TNEM）, some genera （A crobeloides, Aphelenchoides, Cephalobus, Ditylenchus, Mesorhabditis, Tetylenchus and Tylenchus） and distance from the factory.