调水调沙对黄河口颗粒态金属分布的影响

于2009年6~7月黄河调水调沙前、中、后期对黄河口水体悬浮颗粒物进行采样调查,采用ICP-AES测定Al、Fe、Mn、Cr、Cu、Ni、V、Zn的含量,探讨调水调沙对颗粒态重金属分布的影响,初步分析了调水调沙前、中、后期黄河口颗粒态重金属的污染状况.结果表明,调水调沙期间颗粒态重金属的浓度升高,河口区颗粒态重金属的浓度随盐度的升高而降低.以Al为校正因子归一化消除颗粒粒径影响后,重金属的分布差异变小,表明粒径是影响重金属浓度变化的重要因素.富集因子计算结果显示,黄河口Cu、Zn相对富集,且调水调沙后其污染程度加重.在影响颗粒态重金属组成的因素中,颗粒物来源占主导地位,同时受人为活动的影响.     

Vulnerability Assessment of Sea Level Rise Over Port Said Governorate, Egypt

An assessment of the impact of sea level rise on the city of Port Said, Egypt has been carried out using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Bruun's is used to estimate horizontal retreat, due to three scenarios of sea level rise, taking into account local subsidence rates. Overlaying horizontal retreat on land use obtained by remote sensing enabled us to estimate possible losses and socio-economic impacts. Results indicate serious physical and socio-economic impacts. It is suggested that protection measures must be carried out with emphasis on building breakwaters along the most vulnerable shoreline area.     

2012年-2013年常州市PM2.5空气污染气象条件及天气形势特征分析研究

利用2012年-2013年常州市大气监测资料、2009年-2013年NECP再分析气象资料和日降水资料,对近两年常州市空气污染特征及其与气象条件的关系进行分析.结果表明2013年常州市污染事件相比2012年具有发生频率高、持续时间长和程度重等特点.造成污染天气异常偏多的气象条件是有效降水日异常减少,反映区域混合型PM2.5污染的地面系统不利扩散特征在2013年表现突出,污染高发期地面均压场范围扩大,对流层整层有异常抑制上升作用.典型PM2.5污染个例分析表明重污染天气尺度形势特征主要体现在高压型和冷空气外部输送型,其次为低压和均压场型.     

Groundwater NO3 and F Contamination Processes in Pushkar Valley, Rajasthan as Reflected from 18O Isotopic Signature and 3H Recharge Studies

Agricultural activity in the Pushkar Valley, Rajasthan is constrained due to limited availability of good quality water. In this context, occurrence of nitrate and fluoride in the groundwater was investigated and reported. Integration of stable isotope (18O) data with recharge characteristics (based on 3H-tracer studies) helps in clearly characterizing the processes controlling contamination by point and non-point sources. High nitrate and fluoride groundwaters are associated with high 18O waters. This indicates that significant quantities of evaporated (isotopically enriched) surface run-off water and rain water infiltrate along with nitrate and fluoride salts in the soil. The applicability of this approach under different hydrometeorological conditions is also confirmed.     

长江三角洲耕地资源态势与保护对策

长江三角洲是我国东部沿海经济最发达的地区,在全国占有十分重要的经济地位。随着经济的发展,资源与环境发生了严重的问题,特别是近年来耕地资源锐减,而后备耕地资源却短缺,人地人粮矛盾更加尖锐,已成为影响这一地区农业持续发展的重要因素。本文分析了这一地区的经济特点与耕地资源的变化态势,并提出了相应的耕地保护措施。首先,要严格控制非农用地,确保基本农田,其次要采用经济手段,建立保护耕地的经济机制;此外,还要     

黄河三角洲附近海域浮游动物多样性研究

以文献资料和定性调查相结合的方法，综合分析了黄河三角洲附近海域浮游动物物种多样性；以定量调查结果，探讨了浮游动物多样度以及与均度、单纯度之间的关系。结果表明： 该海域浮游动物物种占中国海的５－７ ％ ，占渤海的５１－７％ ；浮游动物多样度在０－１０ ～２－２８ 之间，均度在０－０２～０－９７ 之间，单纯度在０－１４ ～０－９９ 之间；多样度与均度呈显著的正相关，与单纯度呈显著的负相关。     

用原生动物评价黄河兰州段的水质

报导了黄河兰州段的原生动物157种。根据原生动物群落构成特点;优势种群;污生指数和功能类群等指标对水质污染程度进行了评价,其各样点污染顺序是：库心（β_m）＜小川（β_m－α_m）＜新城桥（α_m）＜湟水桥(α_m）＜中山桥、包兰桥（α_m－ｐ_s）。这一评价结果与理化分析、底栖无脊椎动物和大肠杆菌的评价结果基本一致,表明原生动物可以作为宏观评价黄河水体污染程度的指示生物。     

GIS ASSESSMENT OF THE VULNERABILITY OF THE ROSETTA AREA, EGYPT TO IMPACTS OF SEA RISE

A study of the area, including Rosetta city and the estuary of the river Nile (Rosetta branch), has been carried out for assessment of the impact of sea level rise (slr). A geographic information system (GIS) has been built including layers of land use, topography, archeological sites, land cover and population. Analysis of data has been carried out to assess vulnerability of various land use and land cover classes to the impact of sea level rise.Because the area under study has geomorphic relief profiles just over the sea level, inundation of total land could reach 26% of total study area due to only half a meter rise in sea level. This lost area includes 32% of urban clusters mainly used for human shelter and contains 52% of present monuments, 25% of valuable high quality dense palm trees cultivation, 75% of beaches and 19% of lands suitable, 25% of valuable high quality dense palm trees cultivation, 75% of beaches and 19% of lands suitable for agricultural reclamation (although suffering from salt water intrusion and soil salinization). This is expected to cause a significant impact on the present population, economic activities, total regional revenue, and also on tourism. At 1.1 m sea level rise, 72% to total study area could be inundated. This area contains all beaches, half of the palm cultivation, 43% of total urban clusters, which includes 81% of the monumental sites and historic buildings.Other environmental problems such as solid waste management, sanitary disposal network, deteriorating conditions of some monumental structures, in addition to the sea level rise act negatively on the environmental quality of the urban community. Future plans for urban expansion in the area must be studied carefully in order to preserve valuable palm lands and maintain and protect monuments and historic sites which help the promotion of tourism. An environmental management program is essential for upgrading tourism, promoting urban development and protecting coastal lands.     

2018年长三角一次持续重污染过程分析

利用常州市6个环境空气质量评价点PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂、CO和水溶性离子数据,结合后向轨迹、激光雷达探空资料、气象资料等,分析了2018年1月29日—2月2日长三角区域一次持续重污染过程。结果表明,重度污染时次高达94 h,PM_2.5最高值达235 μg/m³,由外来输送污染物与本地排放的污染物叠加而成,在不利气象条件影响下,污染物在长三角区域长时间滞留;重污染期间,污染物日变化规律显示,PM_2.5受外来源影响更显著,而SO₂、NO₂受本地污染源影响更显著,水溶性粒子组分与常州市本地源存在较大差异,其中NO₃^-、NH₄⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺和SO₄^2-值增加最为明显,较污染前分别增加了9.1,5.9,4.3,4.2和4.1倍;K⁺值升高较快,说明污染期间也受到了生物质燃烧的影响。此外,NO₃^-和SO₄^2-在空气质量较好时,在水溶性离子中的占比日变化幅度较大,而在重污染期间,NO₃^-和SO₄^2-日变化幅度明显减小。     

黄河三角洲地区农业环境现状与污染防治措施

在黄河三角洲地区,近几年来由于农用薄膜、化肥和农药的使用量逐年增加,致使农业环境受到污染.笔者通过对该地区农业环境主要污染因素和污染现状的分析,提出了具体的防治措施,对保护农业环境、促进农业和农村经济的可持续发展具有重要的意义.