海上风电机组单桩基础和三脚架基础抗撞性能研究

目的评估海上风电机组单桩基础和三脚架基础遭遇船舶撞击时的抗撞性能。方法针对上述两种基础,采用LS-DYNA软件分析不同碰撞工况下的最大碰撞力、基础受损面积、机舱加速度最大值及基础钢材消耗量,获取两类基础的基础损伤程度和机组响应幅度。结果单桩基础受损程度低于三脚架基础约22%,三脚架基础机舱响应值低于单桩基础约32%。结论两类基础抗撞性能满足规范要求,未发生因基础失效引起的倒塔事故,机头不存在脱落风险,单桩基础在基础损伤方面表现更好,而三脚架基础在机组机舱响应方面表现更好。     

涡轮叶片高温振动特性试验技术研究

目的获取涡轮叶片实际工作温度下的模态特性、探索高温模态试验技术。方法通过虚拟试验与物理试验相结合的方式进行叶片的高温振动特性试验,首先应用基于ABAQUS的有限元分析方法,进行叶片的虚拟热试验,得到叶片的温度分布后对其模态特性进行求解。搭建叶片高温振动特性试验系统,采用辐射加热的方式对叶片施加热载荷,同时采用高频电磁振动台激振叶片,利用激光测振设备来测试叶片的速度分布从而获取叶片的振动特性参数。结果最终对比两种试验结果,虚拟试验结果与物理试验存在一定的误差,但在允差范围内。结论所述的试验方法可以为叶片振动特性测试提供科学依据,并对叶片的疲劳试验研究具有良好的参考价值。     

涡轮发动机喷气燃料低温性和贮存性改善研究

导弹用涡轮发动机采用的喷气燃料要求具有良好的耐低温性能和贮存性能。文中介绍了工程应用领域中通过对普通燃料脱水、脱氧精制成的一种低温性和贮存性都较优的油封燃料,该项措施在国内相关领域具有一定的创新性。     

通过控制机舱噪声降低风电场噪声影响

首次对投运的国产某典型风电机组机舱混响时间、舱壁隔声量、舱壁振动、舱内噪声特性、既有隔振器隔振效果等进行了详细测试分析,结合风电场附近最近居民点处噪声污染现状及达标要求,并考虑工程措施的重要性和实施难度,有针对性依次设计阻尼减振和隔声、消声、吸声及隔振等4类工程措施.在只实施前2类措施情况下,在临近切出风速(12m/s)条件下,对降噪效果进行了实测.结果表明,机舱正下方地面处A声级下降约4dB,居民点处A声级下降约3dB,居民点处声环境质量达到GB3096-2008中的1类声环境功能区夜间标准.     

Impact of NOx Emissions Released from a Gas Turbine-Based Power Plant on the Ambient Air Quality

The number of gas turbine- (GT-) based power plants is rapidly increasing to meet the world’s power demands. Until a few years ago, fossil fuel, and specifically fuel oil, was considered the major energy source for gas turbine operation. Due to the high amount of pollution that fuel oil generates, natural gas has become a popular source of energy due to its lower emissions compared to fuel oil. As a result, many GTs have switched to natural gas as an alternative to fuel oil. However, pollutants expelled from GT-based power plants operating on natural gas impact surrounding air quality. The objective of this study was to examine the dispersion of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emitted from a GT-based power plant located in the Sultanate of Oman. Supported by CALPUFF dispersion modeling software, six scenarios were investigated in this study. The first four scenarios considered a case where the GT-based power plant was operating on natural gas during winter and summer and for open and combined cycle modes. The remaining two scenarios considered, for both open and combined cycle modes, the case where the GT-based power plant was operating on fuel oil. Whether run by natural gas or fuel oil, CALPUFF simulation results for both seasons showed that NO_x concentrations were higher when GTs were used in the combined cycle mode. The concentrations were still lower than the allowable concentrations set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) standards. In contrast, for the case where the power plant operated on fuel oil, the NO_x one-hour average simulated results exceeded the allowable limits only when the combined cycle mode was activated.     

Nonlinear control of a wind turbine based on nonlinear estimation techniques for maximum power extraction

This work proposes nonlinear estimators with nonlinear controllers, for variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) considering that either the wind speed measurement is not available or not accurate. The main objective of this work is to maximize the energy capture from the wind and minimizes the transient load on the drive train. Controllers are designed to adjust the generated torque for maximum power output. Estimation of effective wind speed is required to achieve the above objectives. In this work the estimation of effective wind speed is done by using the Modified Newton Rapshon (MNR), Neural Network (NN) trained by different training algorithms and nonlinear time series based estimation. Initially the control strategies applied was the classical ATF (Aerodynamic torque feed forward) and ISC (Indirect speed control), however due their weak performance and unmodeled WT disturbances, nonlinear static and dynamic feedback linearization techniques with the above wind speed estimators are proposed.     

30Cr2MoV汽轮机转子钢动电位阳极极化行为研究

通过比较30Cr2MoV汽轮转子钢分别在苦味酸溶液和硫酸酒精溶液中动电位阳极极化行为,发现在2种腐蚀液中建立的3个不同的FATT预测模型拟合误差分别为±20 ℃、±25 ℃和±15 ℃,后一种溶液要精确一些.而且在安全性方面,硫酸酒精溶液要比苦味酸安全许多.     

Energy conservation and waste utilization in the cement industry serve the green technology and environment

The cement industry is one of the most energy-intensive industries consuming 4 GJ/ton of cement, i.e. 12–15% of the energy use in total industry. Energy cost accounts for 30% of the total cost of cement production. Seventy-five per cent of this energy is due to the thermal energy for clinker production. It is also found that 35% of this supplied thermal energy is lost in flue gas streams. Most modern kilns use pet coke or coal as their primary fuel. Instead, the municipal waste in landfills offer a cheap source of energy and reduce the environmental effects of dumping solid waste. The calcination and drying processes and the kiln need large quantities of thermal energy. About 40% of the total energy input is lost in the hot flue gases and cooling the stack plus the kiln shell. Hence, it is suitable to use an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) to recover the exhaust energy from the kiln. Alternatively, a 15 MW gas turbine engine combined with a steam turbine could be utilized. It was found that ORC produces 5 MW with a capital cost recovery period of 1.26 years. However, the gas turbine combined system produces 21.45 MW with a maximum recovery period of 2.66 years.     

Priority analysis for risk factors of equipment in a hydraulic turbine generator unit

Ensuring the safe operation of hydropower stations is one of the key challenges for electric generation. Clearly the safe operation of such systems can only be archived with proper and effective maintenance scheduling. The objective of this study is to analyze, rank and prioritize the risk factors responsible for equipment failures of a hydraulic turbine generator unit (HTGU) based on operating data and expert elicitation. Here a simple qualitative risk evaluation model is proposed able to consider seven typical failures in HTGU. The proposed tool is applied for the risk prioritization of equipment failures, e.g. shaft torsion, misalignment, rotating fault, axis bend, runner fault, water guide, and wicket gate of a hydropower station in China. The obtained results have been compared against the actual statistics of equipment failures of a hydropower station in China, considered showing good agreement. All of these results provide theoretical guidance for digitalization realization of equipment failures.     

Methylmercury in a predatory fish (Cichla spp.) inhabiting the Brazilian Amazon

This research tested whether limnological conditions, biological characteristics of fish and anthropogenic impacts influenced the assimilation of methylmercury into the muscle of a sedentary piscivorous fish, Cichla spp., from three rivers (Negro, Madeira, Tapajós) and two hydroelectric reservoirs (Balbina, Tucuruí) within the Brazilian Amazon. Methylmercury in this fish ranged from 0.04 to 1.43microgg(-1) w.w. across sites. No significant differences were observed in the methylmercury concentrations between males and females, or for different morphotypes of this species. Positive correlations were found between methylmercury and fish body weight. No differences were found between the weight normalized methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations or its percent of total mercury in fish from the three rivers; weight normalized MeHg was highest in one of the two reservoirs. In Rio Tapajós, where gold mining and deforestation cause high water turbidity, fish showed the highest MeHg and concentrations were different across the four sites examined. In all sampling areas, the %MeHg was found to be higher than 70.