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31.
A comprehensive life cycle assessment of asphalt pavements was conducted including hot mix asphalt (HMA), warm mix asphalt (WMA) with the addition of synthetic zeolites, and asphalt mixes with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). The environmental impacts associated with energy consumption and air emissions were assessed, as well as other environmental impacts resulting from the extraction and processing of minerals, binders and chemical additives; asphalt production; transportation of materials; asphalt paving; road traffic on the pavement; land use; dismantling of the pavement at the end-of-life and its landfill disposal or recycling. Monte Carlo simulations were also conducted to take into account the variability of critical input parameters. Taking into account the entire life cycle, the impacts of zeolite-based WMA pavements were almost equal to the impacts of HMA pavements with the same RAP content. The reduction in the impacts of WMA resulting from the lowering of the manufacturing temperature was offset by the greater impacts of the materials used, especially the impacts of the synthetic zeolites. Moreover, by comparing asphalt mixes with different RAP contents, it was shown that the impacts of asphalt mixes were significantly reduced when RAP was added. All endpoint impacts as well as climate change, fossil depletion and total cumulative energy demand were decreased by 13–14% by adding 15% RAP. A key advantage of WMA is the potentially greater use of RAP. Thus, the decrease in the impacts achieved by adding large amounts of RAP to WMA could turn these asphalt mixes into a good alternative to HMA in environmental terms. 相似文献
32.
Biopolymer accumulation in the absence of enzymes is an essential step for the chemical evolution of primitive life-like systems, and successful simulation experiments of prebiotic biopolymer formation have suggested that oligopeptides could have formed near submarine hydrothermal vent environments on primitive earth. However, the yield and length of oligopeptides -- typically limited to 6-mers -- seems to be inadequate. One reason is the rapid formation of diketopiperazines (DKPs) from dipeptides. In this study, using a hydrothermal microflow reactor, we show that the one-step synthesis of oligopeptide-like molecules of length up to 20-mers proceeds from Glu and Asp. Yields of up to 0.17-0.57% were obtained in an acidic solution within 183 s at 250-310 degrees C, as evaluated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) analysis and different types of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. The present study indicates that Glu and Asp may have played important roles in the chemical evolution of oligopeptide-like molecules in hydrothermal vent environments on primitive earth. 相似文献
33.
Zhenzi Jing Fangming Jin Nakamichi Yamasaki Hirotaka Maeda Emile H. Ishida 《Journal of environmental management》2009
Hydrothermal solidification of riverbed sediments (silt) has been carried out in a Teflon (PTFE) lined stainless steel hydrothermal apparatus, under saturated steam pressure at 343–473 K for 2–24 h by calcium hydrate introduction. Tobermorite was shown to be the most important strength-producing constituent of the solidified silt. A longer curing time or a higher curing temperature was shown to be favorable to the tobermorite formation, thus promoting strength development; however, overlong curing time (24 h) seemed to affect the strength development negatively. The hardening mechanism consisted of the crystal growth/morphology evolution during the hydrothermal process. The species dissolved from the silt were precipitated first as fine particles, and then some of the particles seemed to build up the rudimental morphology of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gel. The CSH gel, with precipitated particles, appeared to cause some reorganization within the matrix, which made the matrix denser and thus gave an initial strength development. Tobermorite, transformed inevitably from the CSH gel, reinforced the matrix with its interlocked structure, and thus further promoted the strength development. 相似文献
34.
Bo Zhang Yongan Lu Hong He Jianguo Wang Changbin Zhang Yunbo Yu Li Xue 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(4):681-686
The adsorption and desorption of N2O on main-group ion-exchanged ZSM-5 was studied using temperature-programmed desorption
(TPD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. TPD experiments were carried out to determine the desorbed temperature Tmax
corresponding to the maximum mass intensity of N2O desorption peak and adsorption capacity of N2O on metal-ion-exchanged ZSM-
5s. The results indicated that Tmax followed a sequence of Ba2+ > Ca2+ > Cs+ > K+ > Na+ > Mg2+and the amount of adsorbed N2O
on main-group metal cation followed a sequence of Ba2+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > Na+ > K+ > Cs+. The DFT calculations were performed
to obtain the adsorption energy (Eads), which represents the strength of the interaction between metal cations and the N-end or O-end
of N2O. The calculation results showed that the N-end of the N2O molecule was favorably adsorbed on ion-exchanged ZSM-5, except
for Cs-ZSM-5. For alkali metal cations, the Eads of N2O on cations followed the order which was the same to that of Tmax: Cs+ > K+
> Na+. The calculated and experimental results consistently showed that the adsorption performances of alkaline-earth metal cations
were better than those of alkali metal cations. 相似文献
35.
36.
Guangchun Shan Weiguang Li Yujie Zhou Shanshan Bao Lin Zhu Wenbing Tan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(4):163-173
Hydrothermal technology (HT) has received much attention in recent years as a process to convert wet organic waste into hydrochar.The aqueous phase (HTAP) produced by this process is still a burden and has become a bottleneck issue for HT process development.In this study,we provide the?rst investigation of the HTAP characteristics,phytotoxicity,and their correlation with persulfate (PS)(PS,2.0 mmol/g TS)-assisted municipal sludge HT.The results showed that PS accelerated the hydrolysis of prote... 相似文献
37.
叙述水热氧化法的基本原理和研究进展,并重点介绍在高浓度乳化废水、含酚废水、含油污水和废碱液的处理中,最新试验研究以及它的优缺点和发展前景。 相似文献
38.
Low-temperature VOCs oxidation performance of Pt/zeolites catalysts with hierarchical pore structure
Different zeolites supported Pt catalysts with micro-mesoporous structure were prepared by organic base tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) treatment and their catalytic oxidation activity for various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were evaluated. The results reveal that the synergistic effect between Pt nanoparticles and surface acid sites plays an important role in VOCs low-temperature removal. The small size and high dispersion of Pt nanoparticles on the surface of the zeolites would promote the catalytic oxidation of aromatics and alkanes over the Pt/zeolite catalysts, while strong acidity and abundant acid sites of catalysts are in favour of the oxidation of the VOCs containing N and O heteroatoms. In addition, it was found that Pt/ZSM-5 catalyst exhibits the highest oxidation activity for various VOCs low-temperature removal amongst all the catalysts due to the balance of both Pt dispersion and abundant acid sites in the catalyst. This comprehensive consideration should be very helpful when designing and preparing novel catalysts for the low-temperature removal of VOCs. 相似文献
39.
40.
针对粉煤灰合成沸石合成成本较高及废酸碱外排污染环境的问题,对粉煤灰合成人工沸石工艺中废酸碱回收的可行性及其对合成沸石产品性能的影响进行了试验研究,研究设置3个废酸碱回收利用比例条件(1:1,2:1,3:1),其他合成条件与初始粉煤灰合成沸石完全相同.利用SEM、XRD、BET等技术对合成产品进行表征,结果表明回收酸合成沸石(WAC-ZFA)、回收碱合成沸石(WAL-ZFA)表面存在大量孔隙结构,XRD图谱也存在尖锐的沸石衍射峰,表征结果与粉煤灰合成沸石(ZFA)相似;在BET方面,与ZFA相比,WAC-ZFA有所下降,而WAL-ZFA明显增大;废碱回收比例对合成沸石除氨的效果影响不大,而废酸回收比例对合成沸石除氨的效果影响较明显,综合考虑,建议在实际生产中废酸回收比例宜≤1:1,废碱回收比例宜≤3:1. 相似文献