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101.
Size distribution and anthropogenic sources apportionment of airborne trace metals in Kanazawa, Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aerosol samples were collected from Kanazawa, Japan to examine the size distribution of 12 elements and to identify the major sources of anthropogenic elements. Key emission sources were identified and, concentrations contributed from individual sources were estimated as well. Concentrations of elements V, Ca, Cd, Fe, Ba, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sr, Zn, Co and Cu in aerosols were determined with ICP-MS. The results showed that Ca, Mg, Sr, Mn, Co and Fe were mainly associated with coarse particles (>2.1 μm), primarily from natural sources. In contrast, the elements Zn, Ba, Cd, V, Pb and Cu dominated in fine aerosol particles (<2.1 μm), implying that the anthropogenic origin is the dominant source. Results of the factor analysis on elements with high EFCrust values (>10) showed that emissions from waste combustion in incinerators, oil combustion (involving waste oil burning and oil combustion in both incinerators and electricity generation plants), as well as coal combustion in electricity generation plants were major contributors of anthropogenic metals in the ambient atmosphere in Kanazawa. Quantitatively estimated sum of mean concentrations of anthropogenic elements from the key sources were in good agreement with the observed values. Results of this study elucidate the need for making pollution control strategy in this area. 相似文献
102.
利用电感耦合等离子体-质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定板蓝根原药材和水煎液中13种元素的含量。形态研究采用高速离心和滤膜分离水煎液中的溶解态和颗粒态,元素的溶解态再用树脂XAD-4、树脂D001、树脂D301和树脂D751分别区分非极性吸附态、阳离子交换态、阴离子交换态和螯合吸附态。结果表明,板蓝根药材含有微量Cu、Pb和Cd等重金属,同时含有丰富的Mg、Ca、Fe、Al等大量元素,其中Ca含量最高,为2739 mg·kg-1;Zn、Mg、Ca、Mn、Al和Fe的浸出率较高,在42.9%到81.9%之间;Pb和Cu的浸出率最低,只有10%左右。Zn、Mg、Ca、Mn和Pb元素颗粒态比例在0%到9.3%之间,其他元素颗粒态比例在14.3%到85.7%之间。在溶解态当中,所有元素都具有阴离子交换态;Cu、Sn、Cr和Al没有或者很少有阳离子交换态,其余元素的阳离子交换态在32.4%到98.3之间;Al、Fe、Cu、Cr和Sn没有或者很少螯合吸附态,其余元素在54.9%到98.4%之间;Zn、Cu、Sn、Cd和Pb有非极性吸附态,其余元素没有。 相似文献
103.
104.
Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) are a common health problem prevalent in the wet zone of Sri Lanka with a prevalence of >25 of the population. In comparison, in the dry zone of Sri Lanka IDD occurs in <10 of the population. Seventy soil samples from 14 villages selected on the basis of the incidence of goitre, were collected and analysed for 13 trace elements using ICP-MS. In order to identify any prevailing differences in antecedent chemical environments, soil samples from each pre-selected village were classified into three groups in terms of their geographical location. Among the elements investigated, the total soil concentrations of Rb, Sr, Ba, Mn and Co are lower in the wet zone of Kalutara. In contrast, total soil Rb, Sr, Ba and Mn contents are higher in the dry zone of Anuradhapura. Further soil total Mo and Nb levels are relatively similar in all pre-selected study locations. The high endemic goitre regions (IDD >25 of the population) show low levels of Rb, Sr, Ba, and Mn and higher levels of V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb as compared with moderate and non-goitre areas. Factor analysis was used to exploit the correlation structure present in data and yielded three groups in all cases. This indicated that most transition group elements and iodine are associated with the Mn phase in the low IDD areas whereas iodine shows a high affinity for the organic phase in high IDD regions. The variable distribution of trace elements, therefore, must be due to differences in mobility and capacity for incorporation into the structure of secondary minerals or organic phases. 相似文献
105.
为初步了解乌鲁木齐东南郊降雪的化学组成特征和污染信息,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对2012年2月21~23日降雪中的22种可溶性金属元素浓度进行了测定,并通过扫描电镜能谱技术(SEM/EDX)研究了降雪中悬浮态颗粒物的形态和元素组成.结果表明,此次降雪中重金属含量偏高,其中Se、As、Cd富集因子分别为124.65、57.69和36.70,具有较明显的煤烟型污染特征;后向轨迹聚类分析也表明该时期采样点近地面主要受其西南方向燃煤火电排放烟尘的影响.电镜观察观测结果显示降雪中悬浮态颗粒主要有3种形态,主要以燃煤飞灰和矿物颗粒为主,烟尘集合体大多数为老化或吸湿后形成的较粗的密实颗粒,表明乌鲁木齐东南郊冬季大气中的悬浮态颗粒物主要来自燃煤飞灰和不可溶土壤矿物. 相似文献
106.
Chiara Telloli Antonella Malaguti Mihaela Mirce Renzo Tassinari Carmela Vaccaro Massimo Berico 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(9):1903-1912
This study shows for the first time a chemical and morphological characterization of agricultural aerosols released during three important agricultural operations: threshing, plowing and sowing. The field campaigns were carried out in the eastern part of the Po Valley, Italy, in summer and autumn 2009. The aerosol particles were sampled on quartz fiber filters and polytetrafluoroethylene membranes in order to allow Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (SEM-EDS) investigations, respectively. The organic carbon mass concentrations were measured with a Sunset Laboratory Dual-Optical Organic Carbone/Elemental Carbon (OCEC) Aerosol analyzer. The morphological and chemical analyses by SEM-EDS allowed recognizing four main particle classes: organic, silica, calcite and clay minerals. The organic particles contribute to both fine and coarse aerosol fractions up to ca. 50% for all three agricultural activities. This was also confirmed by OCEC analysis for fine fraction. Most of the agricultural aerosols, about 60%, were single particles and the remaining 40% were agglomerations of particles. The ICP-MS results showed that threshing and plowing produce more aerosol particles than sowing, which was characterized by important amounts of clay minerals produced from land soils. 相似文献
107.
108.
电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定地表水中痕量钒 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
建立电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定地表水中的钒的方法。优化了仪器条件后,水样经硝酸酸化后,用ICP-MS直接测定溶液中的钒含量。方法在0.0μg/L-100μg/L范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.04μg/L,其回收率在98.4%-100.2%之间,相对标准偏差小于1.0%。本方法具有检出限低,准确度高,精密度好的特点,完全满足地表水、饮用水等实际样品的测试的需要。 相似文献
109.
电感耦合等离子体质谱法在土壤环境监测中的应用及进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)作为高灵敏度的分析仪器,已被许多国家应用于环境监测中.本文综述了近年来电感耦合等离子体质谱在土壤样品分析测试中的应用,重点比较了土壤样品前处理中不同的消解体系和消解方式,介绍了激光熔蚀法、氢化物发生法和碰撞反应池技术等土壤环境监测中的新方法,以及ICP-MS在土壤环境监测中用于稀土元... 相似文献
110.