实施ISO14000标准与清洁生产相结合推动经济可持续发展

本文通过分析实施ＩＳＯ１４０００标准与清洁生产的关系,论述了实施ＩＳＯ１４０００标准与清洁生产相结合是推动经济可持续发展的重要手段,同时指出了当前实施ＩＳＯ１４０００标准与清洁生产中存在的问题。     

改进密切值法优化ISO14000环境影响结果排序

ISO14000遵循的是一种持续改进的原则，企业实施ISO14000环境管理体系是一个不断提高的过程。因此，企业需要分析生产经营过程中的环境影响并对造成环境影响最大的生产环节进行重点改进。本文将密切值法运用于环境管理体系中，以帮助企业确定环境影响的大小，给出持续改进的优先顺序，并在原有密切值法的基础上提出最优密切值与最劣密切值，使评价结果更合理。     

实施ISO 14001环境管理体系认证的回顾

本文通过回顾国际、国内建立ISO 14001环境管理体系、开展ISO 14001认证的历程,分析了秦皇岛市企业实施认证的状况,并对标准的实施提出了对策和建议.     

Corporate Environmental Policy Statements in Mainland China: To What Extent Do They Conform to ISO 14000 Documentation?

For decades, industry has been the main source of pollution in China. Determined to make changes, the mainland Chinese authorities have decided to promote mechanisms that incorporate environmental concerns into the internal management of enterprises. This is manifested in the rapid adoption of the ISO14000 standards, including a significant increase in ISO14001 registrations in China. Thus, this study examined the environmental policy statements of 106 certified facilities in mainland China against a strict interpretation of the mandatory requirements of the ISO 14001:1996 standard and the nonmandatory ISO14004 requirements in order to shed some light on the implementation of environmental management systems in an emerging economic giant. It was decided to analyze the environmental policy statement because such a statement is a core element in the ISO system of environmental management of each facility and there are relatively clear and specific requirements on what an environmental policy statement shall include. An analysis of the contents of the environmental policy statements shows that conformance to the relevant requirements of both the mandatory ISO14001 standard and the nonmandatory ISO14004 standard is far from impressive and that the facilities in our sample seldom went beyond the minimum requirements. By using ISO14001 and ISO14004 conformance scores as the dependent variables, we found that conformity to ISO14001 and overall conformance to ISO14000 series can be explained to some extent by the degree of top management commitment, the experience with informal environmental management systems, and the form of ownership of the facilities.     

Pushing,pulling and manoeuvring an industrial cart: a psychophysiological study

One of the most frequent manual occupational tasks involves the pushing and pulling of a cart. Although several studies have associated health risks with pushing and pulling, the effects are not clear since occupational tasks have social, cognitive and physical components. The present work investigates a real case of a pushing and pulling occupational task from a manufacturing company. The study initially characterizes the case in accordance with Standard No. ISO 11228-2:2007 as low risk. An experiment with 14 individuals during three modalities of pushing and pulling was performed in order to further investigate the task with the application of electrophysiology. At the end, a simple questionnaire was given. The results show electrophysiological differences among the three modalities of pushing and pulling, with a major difference between action with no load and fully loaded with a full range of motions on the cart to handle.     

ISO 14001标准在环境监理工作中的应用

文中结合监理工作实际,对ISO 14001标准在监理工作中的具体运用进行了简要概述.     

Evaluation of the Biodegradation of Starch and Cellulose Under Controlled Composting Conditions

In order to verify the response of the controlled composting test method (i.e., the ISO/DIS 14855:1997, the ASTM D 5338-92, or the CEN counterpart) to starch at different concentrations, the maximum amount prescribed by the test method (100 g) and lower amounts (60 and 30 g), as if starch were a coingredient in a blend, were tested. After 44 days of incubation (at a constant temperature of 58°C) the biodegradation curves were in a plateau phase, displaying the following final values (referred to a nominal starch initial amount of 100 g): starch 100 g, 97.5%; starch 60 g, 63.7%; and starch 30 g, 32.5%. The data show a CO₂ evolution roughly equal, in each case, to the theoretical maximum, indicating a complete starch mineralization. We cannot discern whether the deviations found at lower concentrations are caused by a priming effect. In any case, the extent of the deviations is not high and is acceptable in biodegradation studies. The average biodegradation of cellulose, obtained gathering four independent experiments with 11 biodegradation curves, turned out to be 96.8 ± 6.7% (SD) after 47 ± 1 days. The data indicate that the controlled composting is a reliable test method also for starch and cellulose and, consequently, for starch-based and cellulose-based materials.     

ISO/FDIS9223:2011E中剂量响应函数应用浅析

采用剂量响应函数法、关键因素法、标准金属法评估了我国9个大气腐蚀试验站的大气腐蚀特性,探讨了ISO/FDIS 9223：2011E中剂量响应函数的适用范围、评估误差、温湿度对SO2和Cl-腐蚀性的影响等。分析表明,剂量响应函数法适用于评估有SO2或Cl-污染的大气环境腐蚀性,评估效果与ISO 9223—1992中的关键因素法相当,响应函数式中温度、湿度对污染物的腐蚀作用影响还有待进一步验证。     

ISO14000环境管理标准对我国企业发展的促进作用

ISO14000环境管理系列标准是国际标准化组织制定的关于环境管理体系的国际通用标准。目的在于激发企业自觉采取预防措施和持续性改善措施来改善环境。推行ISO14000认证不仅可以规范环境管理行为,而且提高绿色管理水平和资源利用效率,从而促进中国经济发展。需要政府进一步采取积极措施推广ISO14000环境管理体系认证。