关于环保行政管理部门推行ISO14001标准的建议

文章提出推行ISO14001标准,实施环境管理体系认证,不仅对减少污染物的产生与排放、资源能源的节约、保护环境资源起到了重要作用,而且对改善环境管理模式,提高管理水平,特别是环境管理水平起到了重要作用,分析了环保行政管理部门推行ISO14001标准必须具备一定的条件、目的和意义,强调指出绿色行政是行政管理部门工作的目标,ISO14001标准是行政管理部门实现绿色行政的工具与保证,对环保行政管理部门推行ISO14001标准在实施过程中的若干问题进行了讨论和建议.     

Characterization of ISO 14001 implementation

Environmental degradation caused by human activities is of concern to society, government, industry, companies, and the people who are able to enjoy improved lifestyles because of industrial activities. However, all of these parties also have a responsibility to support and conserve the environment and act responsibly toward the earth. This article, which includes a systematic literature review and draws upon the authors’ practical experience, summarizes the benefits, motives, and difficulties in implementing environmental management systems using the International Organization for Standardization's (ISO) 14001 framework.     

绿色行政体系中识别环境因素的意义及标准

简要介绍了“绿色行政体系”的定义和建设意义,着重介绍了将环境因素引入体系建设的意义以及在体系中识别环境因素的标准。     

实施ISO14000认证的思想误区

本文针对我国ISO14000系列标准发展现状，剖析了人们关于ISO14000认证的几个思想误区，论述了实施认证的可能性、必要性和重要性。     

汽车电子电器EMC标准差异的研究——IS07637-2:2011与IS07637-2:2004

本文着重介绍了《道路车辆——由传导和耦合引起的电骚扰:沿电源线的电瞬态传导》IS0 7637-2:2011与ISO7637-2:2004的差异,对测试布置要求,瞬态脉冲抗扰度的测试等级,瞬态脉冲发射的限值等方面都进行了深入的研究.     

Is ISO 14001 a gateway to more advanced voluntary action? The case of green supply chain management

Using Japanese facility-level data, we estimate the effects of ISO 14001 certification on the promotion of more advanced practices, namely green supply chain management (GSCM). Our results show that ISO 14001 promotes GSCM practices. Facilities with environmental management systems (EMS) certified to ISO 14001 are 40% more likely to assess their suppliers' environmental performance and 50% more likely to require that their suppliers undertake specific environmental practices. Further, government programs that encourage voluntary EMS adoption indirectly promote GSCM practices. These programs increase the probabilities that facilities will assess their suppliers' environmental performance and require suppliers to undertake specific environmental practices by 7% and 8%, respectively. Combined, these findings suggest that there may be significant but previously unnoticed spillover effects of ISO 14001 and government promotion of voluntary action.     

Resolving Trade and Environment Conflicts： A Focus on Sustainable Trade in China

This paper begins by analysing the mutual influence between international trade and the environment, and then proceeds to explore the environment and trade conflicts. On the basis of sustainable development theories and the above discussion, the article suggests taking sustainable trade as a solution to the existing conflicts. This paper aims to find the way to strike a balance between international trade and environment based on the present situation in China.     

ISO26262对电动汽车电磁兼容性的影响

随着化石燃料的逐渐枯竭和尾气排放法规的逐渐严格,电动汽车逐渐得到了市场的认可,但是与此同时,电动汽车的安全和可靠性问题也越来越严峻。汽车功能安全标准ISO 26262对电动汽车的功能安全相关的要求进行了规定。对ISO 26262中对EMC的要求进行了梳理总结,并研究了其与现存EMC标准的关系。最后,提出了电动汽车改进EMC性能的方法和途径,从而更好地符合ISO 26262标准。     

Black swans,cognition, and the power of learning from failure

Failure carries undeniable stigma and is difficult to confront for individuals, teams, and organizations. Disciplines such as commercial and military aviation, medicine, and business have long histories of grappling with it, beginning with the recognition that failure is inevitable in every human endeavor. Although conservation may arguably be more complex, conservation professionals can draw on the research and experience of these other disciplines to institutionalize activities and attitudes that foster learning from failure, whether they are minor setbacks or major disasters. Understanding the role of individual cognitive biases, team psychological safety, and organizational willingness to support critical self‐examination all contribute to creating a cultural shift in conservation to one that is open to the learning opportunity that failure provides. This new approach to managing failure is a necessary next step in the evolution of conservation effectiveness.     

Linkages between measures of biodiversity and community resilience in Pacific Island agroforests

Designing agroecosystems that are compatible with the conservation of biodiversity is a top conservation priority. However, the social variables that drive native biodiversity conservation in these systems are poorly understood. We devised a new approach to identify social–ecological linkages that affect conservation outcomes in agroecosystems and in social‐ecological systems more broadly. We focused on coastal agroforests in Fiji, which, like agroforests across other small Pacific Islands, are critical to food security, contain much of the country's remaining lowland forests, and have rapidly declining levels of native biodiversity. We tested the relationships among social variables and native tree species richness in agroforests with structural equation models. The models were built with data from ecological and social surveys in 100 agroforests and associated households. The agroforests hosted 95 native tree species of which almost one‐third were endemic. Fifty‐eight percent of farms had at least one species considered threatened at the national or international level. The best‐fit structural equation model (R² = 47.8%) showed that social variables important for community resilience—local ecological knowledge, social network connectivity, and livelihood diversity—had direct and indirect positive effects on native tree species richness. Cash‐crop intensification, a driver of biodiversity loss elsewhere, did not negatively affect native tree richness within parcels. Joining efforts to build community resilience, specifically by increasing livelihood diversity, local ecological knowledge, and social network connectivity, may help conservation agencies conserve the rapidly declining biodiversity in the region.