温室气体盘查方法及规范研究

1980年代以来,全球平均气温迅速上升,不寻常的天气与气候现象频频发生频率,使得气候变迁突然成为世人瞩目的议题.在全球日益暖化的同时,如何减少温室气体排放成为各国共同面对的挑战.本文,借由说明国际通的ISO14064系列标准规范内容以及温室气体盘查议定书,指导企业如何开展温室气体盘查.     

ISO9000管理体系在环境影响评价过程控制的应用实践

环境影响评价过程控制是工作质量的重要保障,通过引入ISO9000标准管理体系,从质量手册、控制程序、作业文件和记录表格四个方面构建环境影响评价质量管理系统,对环评项目委托、现场调查、资料审核、报告编制、报告审批、跟踪回访、资料存档等过程进行质量控制节点管理,为环境影响评价过程控制的规范化管理提供了参考。     

ISO 26000框架下的煤矿安全管理

随着国际标准化组织制定的社会责任指南(ISO26000)颁布日期的临近,企业社会责任再次被提上日程,企业的各项管理工作也需要在履行社会责任的前提下开展。本文针对煤炭企业安全事故频发的现状,将煤矿安全置于社会责任框架下进行研究。论文在对ISO26000进行概述的基础上,讨论煤炭企业履行社会责任对煤矿安全的影响,提出社会责任框架下,煤矿安全管理的建议。     

Evaluation of Environmental Aspects Significance in ISO 14001

The methodological framework set by standards ISO 14001 and ISO 14004 gives only general principles for environmental aspects assessment, which is regarded as one of the most critical stages of implementing environmental management system. In Estonia, about 100 organizations have been certified to the ISO 14001. Experience obtained from numerous companies has demonstrated that limited transparency and reproducibility of the assessment process serves as a common shortcoming. Despite rather complicated assessment schemes sometimes used, the evaluation procedures have been largely based on subjective judgments because of ill-defined and inadequate assessment criteria. A comparison with some similar studies in other countries indicates a general nature of observed inconsistencies. The diversity of approaches to the aspects’ assessment in concept literature and to the related problems has been discussed. The general structure of basic assessment criteria, compatible with environmental impact assessment and environmental risk analysis has also been outlined. Based on this general structure, the article presents a tiered approach to help organize the assessment in a more consistent manner.     

我国固体废物的处理现状与对策

本文阐述了我国固体废物的来源、分类、物质组成和产出现状,分析了４种固体废物处置处理方法的优点和局限,提出了治理对策     

ISO14000国际标准与旅游企业的环境管理——以神农架为例

ＳＯ１４０００环境管理标准引起了国际社会广泛的响应,旅游企业申请认证注册的意义重大。本文以神龙架旅游业为例,提出了应重视对环境整体观念的认识,提倡生态旅游,以及对投资项目进行环境影响的评估工作     

中国加入WTO与绿色贸易（非关税）壁垒

文章以我国即将加入世贸组织的新阶段为背景,阐述了绿色贸易壁垒的起因特征,其内容包括环境税、市场准入、环境技术标准、环境标专和绿色消费意识。基于此,指出目前急街解决的主要问题是加快ISO 14000和环境标志认证、环境经济政策的研究和制定以及人才培养,大力发展环保产业和高效农业。     

用"互动共进式"实施OHSAS18001与ISO14001体系的一体化

比较了OHSAS18001与ISO14001体系的共同性,阐述了用"互动共进式" 建立2个体系的过程,以及一体化文件的主要结构和编写时的注意事项.     

实施ISO14000标准推动区域可持续发展

文章结合天津开发区建立区域ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理体系、创建ＩＳＯ１４０００国家示范区,对在一个区域建立ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理体系的必要性、可能性及重要意义进行了探讨,为城市或区域的可持续发展提供了一种全新的切实可物的工具和手段。     

Traps and transformations influencing the financial viability of tourism on private‐land conservation areas

The ability of private conservation organizations to remain financially viable is a key factor influencing their effectiveness. One‐third of financially motivated private‐land conservation areas (PLCAs) surveyed in South Africa are unprofitable, raising questions about landowners’ abilities to effectively adapt their business models to the socioeconomic environment. In any complex system, options for later adaptation can be constrained by starting conditions (path dependence). We tested 3 hypothesized drivers of path dependence in PLCA ecotourism and hunting business models: (H1) the initial size of a PLCA limits the number of mammalian game and thereby predators that can be sustained; (H2) initial investments in infrastructure limit the ability to introduce predators; and (H3) rainfall limits game and predator abundance. We further assessed how managing for financial stability (optimized game stocking) or ecological sustainability (allowing game to fluctuate with environmental conditions) influenced the ability to overcome path dependence. A mechanistic PLCA model based on simple ecological and financial rules was run for different initial conditions and management strategies, simulating landowner options for adapting their business model annually. Despite attempts by simulated landowners to increase profits, adopted business models after 13 years were differentiated by initial land and infrastructural assets, supporting H1 and H2. A conservation organization's initial assets can cause it to become locked into a financially vulnerable business model. In our 50‐year simulation, path dependence was overcome by fewer of the landowners who facilitated natural ecological variability than those who maintained constant hunting rates and predator numbers, but the latter experienced unsustainably high game densities in low rainfall years. Management for natural variability supported long‐term ecological sustainability but not shorter term socioeconomic sustainability for PLCAs. Our findings highlight trade‐offs between ecological and economic sustainability and suggest a role for governmental support of the private conservation industry.