Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls in surface soil from the Tibetan Plateau

Concentrations of Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans（PCDD/Fs） and polychlorinated biphenyls（PCBs） in soil samples from Tibetan Plateau were determined. The average concentration of total 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs was（2.30 ± 1.02） pg/g, and World Health Organization Toxicity Equivalency（WHO-TEQ） average concentration was（0.013 ± 0.010）pg WHO-TEQ/g. The average concentration of ∑PCBs（7 indicator PCB and 12 dioxin like-PCB congeners） was（16.2 ± 9.25） pg/g, and WHO-TEQ average concentration was 0.043 ±0.049 pg WHO-TEQ/g. Comparing to previous studies in similar environmental conditions,PCDD/Fs and PCBs in this study showed a relatively lower concentration. The altitude dependences of PCDD/Fs and PCBs were also studied. Total organic carbon（TOC） normalized concentrations presented a quadratic relation with the altitudes, and an inflection could be found on the parabola of the total concentrations and some congeners of high concentration.The concentrations decreased with altitudes below about 4500 m above sea level（a.s.l.）, while they increased with altitudes above it. These phenomena indicate that cold condensation of PCDD/Fs and PCBs would happen above 4500 m a.s.l, on the Tibetan Plateau.     

基于DPSIR模型的环境友好型社会评价指标体系构建

为评价区域环境友好型社会建设程度,采用DPSIR概念模型,构建起包涵5大类因子指标的评价体系。此体系评价重点在于社会子系统发展对社会所造成的资源、环境、生态压力,居民生活环境状态的改变和在社会结构与居民生活的影响,以及所导致的各项政策响应。并以沈阳市浑南新区为例,选取了包括科技技术贡献率、生态用地比例、公众对生活环境满意度在内的44项指标,构建起针对浑南新区的评价指标体系,可对浑南新区的环境友好型社会建设以及管理决策起到辅助支撑作用。     

我国碳储工程环境影响机理及其评价体系研究

在CO2的理化性质及其危险和碳储项目工程分析的基础上,将我国碳储工程划分建设期、运营期、场地关闭及闭场后3大阶段,给出不同阶段工程分析的重点内容。同时,研究与总结了我国碳储工程对地下水、土壤、生态植被和大气等环境影响及其机理,并构建我国深部咸水层CO2地质储存环境影响评价指标体系。该评价体系分为储存场地特征指标类、干扰地质环境指标类、环境容量指标类、生态影响指标类4个层次,为完善我国碳储工程环境影响评价提供依据。     

城市河流水生态考核指标体系的研究

基于沈阳市河流特点,研究建立了包括水生态考核指标和控制值的指标体系,其中包括水资源结构、水生态质量和重点受控要素方面的控制指标和内容。通过应用试验,验证了指标体系在水生态质量解析和监控中的作用和功效,为水生态建设和管理提供了新的技术支撑。     

1986～2015年棋盘山水库湿地保护地生态系统演变分析

为探讨沈阳市棋盘山水库湿地保护地近30年生态系统演变规律,文章运用3S技术和景观格局指数,分析了保护地1986~2015年生态系统时空变化及景观格局演变特征。结果表明:1986~2015年间,由于人类活动的干扰,保护地景观破碎度和空间异质性不断增加,水库周边建设用地围绕水库向南部、北部不断扩张,不利于生态系统服务功能的保护和提升,但总体上看,2000~2015年人类活动强度低于1986~2000年,说明该时期生态保护工作取得一定成效。为提升保护地景观质量和生态系统服务功能,提出了保护地生态系统服务可持续管理对策。     

A goal oriented indicator framework to support integrated assessment of new policies for agri-environmental systems

The goal oriented framework (GOF) for indicators has been developed as part of a comprehensive research project developing computerised tools for integrated assessment of the effects of new policies or technologies on agricultural systems (SEAMLESS-IF). The ambition has therefore been to create an indicator framework where the environmental, economic and social dimensions of sustainable development can be related to each other in a consistent way. Integrated assessment tools rely on such frameworks to capture and visualise trade-offs (antagonisms or synergies) among indicators between and within the three dimensions of sustainable development. The specific aims of this paper are to (i) present the GOF (ii) present how the GOF can be used to select indicators within the integrated assessment framework SEAMLESS-IF and (iii) discuss the advantages and limitations with the proposed approach. We show that the GOF has several advantages. Its major rewards are its relative simplicity and the possibility to link indicators to policy goals of each dimension of sustainability and thereby facilitate the comparison of the impacts of the new policy on the different dimensions. Another important feature of the GOF is its multi-scale perspective, which will enable the comparison of effects of a new policy between scales. Yet, as typical for all indicator frameworks, the GOF has also biases either instigated by the issues the included models cover or by the stakeholders’ selection of indicators. However, due to the way the GOF and its indicators are technically implemented in SEAMLESS-IF, it can easily be extended and include new indicators to increase and update its policy relevance.     

Review of corporate environmental indicators

This paper reviews a series of environmental indicators developed in the last years that were found suitable to be applied at corporate level for the evaluation of production processes and products. The indicators reviewed in this paper were classified into four main groups: 1) Indicators of Energy and Material Flows; 2) Indicators with a Territorial Dimension; 3) Indicators of Life-Cycle Assessment; 4) Indicators of Environmental Risk Assessment. Integrative and single index indicators such as the ecological footprint or carbon footprint were found as the most appealing for enterprises, although there is a need to advance in the field to combine the simplicity required at corporate level for tracking and reporting environmental data, and the scientific rigor and transparency necessary to make the scores reliable. Hence, for each of the indicators revised it was stated what they do and do not measure so that misleading information was not used for decision making at corporate level.     

一种以人为本的城市绿地评价方法及其应用——以南京市城市绿地质量评价为例

文章基于"以人为本"的理念,构建了从使用者角度对城市绿地质量评价的简明指标体系,采用多边形综合指标法及德尔菲法,兼顾科学性和可操作性,并应用该指标体系尝试分析南京市城市绿地质量。结果表明:南京城市绿地总体质量处于一般水平,其中公园绿地和风景名胜与自然保护区绿地质量较高。在各项评价指标中,南京居民对绿地管理质量满意度较低,视觉效果满意度、空间布局满意度较高。该评价体系从使用者角度展现了城市绿地的整体水平并直观反映出城市绿地所存在的问题,可为城市绿地规划与管理以及综合评价指标的构建提供重要的依据与参考。     

三峡库区重庆段浮游藻类调查及水质评价

对三峡库区重庆段的浮游藻类的种类、种群密度和生物量进行了调查和分析,采用指示生物法和生物多样性指数法对三峡库区重庆段水体水质进行了评价。评价结果表明,三峡库区重庆段水体水质总体属轻度污染,并根据当地情况提出了保护水质的建议。