Heavy Metal Tolerance in Chromogenic and Non-Chromogenic Marine Bacteria from Arabian Gulf

A simple method – direct agar diffusion assay – was optimised for rapid assessment of heavy metal toxicity to marine chromogenic and non-chromogenic bacteria. The procedure involved spotting of a 10 microliter test solution on the seeded agar plate and incubation of the plates at 30°C to accelerate bacterial growth. Under optimum conditions, test results were obtainable within 12–18 hr instead of 96 hr incubation time generally required for a marine bacterial assay by conventional agar plate methods. A range of sixteen heavy metals, each at 5 different concentrations was tested. Toxicity was demonstrated by the formation of a clear zone of growth inhibition around the point of application. Toxicity of tested chemicals could be easily demonstrated at concentrations as low as 0.1 g per spot on the agar plate. A dose dependent relation between metal concentration (g/spot) and the diameter of the clear zone on agar plate was observed, suggesting potential of this method as an easy and economical tool in quantitative toxicology studies.     

A Novel Technique for Monitoring Contaminant Transport Through Soils

An experimental setup which is capable of simulation as well as monitoring contaminant transport through soil mass has been developed. Efficiency of the experimental setup has been demonstrated by comparing the results obtained from the argentometric method. Reynolds number (R_e) and the Peclet number (P_e) have been found to be less than unity. This indicates that flow of the solute through soil mass is laminar and the dominant contaminant transport mechanism is diffusion.     

An analytical model for the interpretation of pulse injection experiments performed for testing the spatial variability of clay formations

This paper presents an analytical model to describe pulse injection experiments. This model solves the advection-diffusion equation while taking into account back diffusion from the clay core to the inlet and from the outlet to the clay core. In most analytical models, back diffusion is neglected. For sufficiently high Péclet numbers, this is a good approximation. However, in experiments where the Péclet number is low, back diffusion is important and must be taken into account. An additional advantage of the present model is that both concentration and flux are conserved at the inlet and at the outlet of the clay core. This model is used to fit pulse injection experiments with iodide and tritiated water (HTO) in clay cores. The (new) model is required for fitting the experimental results since in clay layers advection is very slow leading to a low Péclet number. The experiments are performed on clay cores taken from different depths from the Boom Clay and the Ypres Clay layer under the site of the nuclear power plant of Doel (Belgium). The quality of all fits is excellent and the obtained parameter values are coherent. For HTO, the fitted value for the diffusion accessible porosity is consistent with measurements of the water content in Ypres Clay cores. In both types of clays, the apparent diffusion coefficient at zero flow is between 10(-10) and 2 x 10(-10) m(2)/s for iodide and between 2 x 10(-10) and 3 x 10(-10) m(2)/s for HTO. The dispersion length is in the order of 10(-3) m. The average value for the diffusion accessible porosity is between 0.35 and 0.4 for HTO and between 0.2 and 0.25 for iodide.     

关于河流污染事故的若干数学估计

为了预报突发河流污染事故的环境影响,对污染物迁移的相关估计和研究是非常必要的.以一维河流中的污染物迁移扩散模型为基础,讨论了几种不同情况下污染物浓度随空间的分布和随时间的变化.通过相应的数学推导,得到了若干简洁的估计公式:如污染物浓度的最大值点、达到某一浓度限值所经历的时间等.在获取足够的数据进行具体的数值模拟之前,由这些估计式可以得到污染物迁移过程中的一些重要特征量.     

氧化塘水力特性模型研究

氧化塘是一种被广泛应用且运行费用较低的污水处理设施，其流型有多种模型可供采用，但主要模型参数纵向扩散系数（D）和扩散因素（d）均难准确预测，为了满足这些模型的通用性就需要建立所需参数的预测方程。通过氧化塘模型研究，利用示踪实验技术测定了水力逗留时间分布，提出了一种计算氧化塘模型纵向扩散系数D的经验公式，为求取扩散因素d或扩散传质准数Pe提供了简便方法。用所得经验公式求得胜利油田桩西联采油废水氧化塘Pe值，与实测值较好吻合，相对偏差为6．61％。     

信息系统安全风险评估研究综述疆

风险评估是信息系统安全保证的关键技术。笔者对国内外现有的信息安全风险评估方法与技术进行归纳和系统的评述。回顾了信息安全风险评估的理论框架与现有的评估标准;在此基础上,比较了包含FTA,FMECA,HAZOP等在内的传统风险评估技术和以CORAS为代表的现代风险评估技术;肯定了现代风险评估技术在利用统一建模语言进行半形式化表述方面的先进性以及根据信息系统生命周期的各个阶段特点选用适宜的风险评估方法的灵活性;同时指出该现代风险评估技术在动态识别、评估安全风险方面的不足;提出了一种改进和完善现代风险评估技术的方法,即利用Markov链形式化描述并分析信息系统,确保了分布式信息系统风险评估的需要。此外,针对信息安全风险的不确定性,提出了通过模糊集理论丰富现代风险评估方法的研究方向。     

危险气体泄漏扩散的实验方法研究

综述了研究危险气体事故泄漏扩散的3种实验方法,即全规模大型现场实验、实验室模拟和小型现场实验,详细讨论该3种试验方法在实施和应用中的优缺点。对小型现场实验的无量纲长度、速度、时间、大气稳定度、大气湍流、液滴的尺寸分布和沉降、源动量通量比例等重要参数的确定方法重点进行分析和阐述。小型试验法特别适用于模拟化学性质活泼的危险气体的泄漏扩散研究,可为安全评价、应急救援提供有价值的参考数据。     

公共大空间建筑生化恐怖模式和通风技术分析

公共大空间建筑生化恐怖模式主要有制造火灾产生毒性气体、爆炸毒气弹分散毒性物质和人工直接布洒毒性物质。分析表明:火灾烟气受热浮力作用,在建筑物上部出现明显的烟气层,采用自然或机械排烟能有效地减缓或控制烟气层下降;爆炸分散毒性物质,除了爆炸点周边区域外,毒气扩散受热气流诱导,以及浓度差引起的运动;不考虑室内对流气流的影响,人工布洒毒性物质产生的毒性气体,其扩散主要是由浓度差引起的。不同类型恐怖袭击产生的毒性气体受室内对流气流的控制,合适的通风方式能够控制毒性气体的扩散和输运过程。但能否采用某一形式的通风系统兼备防范不同类型的恐怖袭击,需要对通风系统的通风量、气流组织和控制方式做更深入的研究。     

信息不对称条件下企业物流外包过程的风险和防范

结合信息不对称理论 ,研究了物流外包过程中风险产生的途径和规律 ,从对第三方物流企业依赖程度入手 ,分析了多重外包、分散外包的风险模型讨论 ,提出了抽象的物流量的概念 ,将复杂的物流作业看成是量化了的、一般的物流作业。通过分析风险的成因 ,提出了 1 0种降低外包风险的途径 ,为企业物流外包决策提供参考。     

现代铝业生态环境系统研究

资源和环境问题是我国面临的严重的生态安全和环境安全问题,也是制约我国工业可持续发展的战略问题。生态铝业是与环境协调发展的环境友好的工业体系,它有效地解决了传统铝业发展和生态环境保护之间的矛盾。传统铝业耗电量大、污染严重、生产成本高;现代铝业属于生态工业,它以循环经济为指导,推行清洁生产,发展热电联产,促进污染物的资源化,减少废弃物的排放,降低了铝业生产的物耗、能耗和生产成本,增加了市场竞争力,形成整个工业系统的良性循环。笔者提出了现代铝业生态系统的框架,并简单介绍了主要子系统的清洁生产途径。以期抛砖引玉,促进现代铝业生态环境系统的研究,推动生态铝业在我国的实践和发展。