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141.
Specifying information needs: improving the working methodology 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Jos G. Timmerman Joop Boer Matthijs Hisschemöller Wim Mulder 《Regional Environmental Change》2001,2(2):77-84
Specification of information needs is an important step in the design of monitoring networks. Within the framework of Monitoring
Strategy 2000+, a programme of the Dutch Directorate General of Public Works and Water Management (Rijkswaterstaat) which
seeks to provide innovation in the monitoring sector, a method has been developed to link water management policy to monitoring
through specification of information needs. Over the past 2 years, this method has been applied in several projects within
the Rijkswaterstaat organisation. Use of this method has led to improvements in the monitoring practice and was judged very
positively by the people involved. Nevertheless, the main obstacle to employing the method was the actual translation of policy
matters into information products. A special study is carried out, focusing on this aspect within the method, to provide the
participants of a project with a mental framework that enables them to clearly specify their information needs. The major
requirements for this mental framework are that all participants have a clear view of the process (system), and that they
are able to relate their contribution to this process and to the contributions of others (transparency). The first step of
the process is to focus the attention of stakeholders on the information they will actually need for decision-making. The
next step is to confront the different expressed opinions through the method of the 'devil's advocate', which implies criticising
the results of the first step by finding as many as possible arguments against these opinions. This should force the stakeholders
to better specify their arguments. The method, its improvements and the results of one pilot project will be discussed in
this paper.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
142.
143.
During the last few years in the Netherlands an integrated environmental policy has been developed. Solving environmental problems by means of effective and efficient solutions requires that the entire environmental cycle be considered in order to take all relevant compartments and aspects into account. Four different phases can be identified during the treatment of an environmental problem by management: recognition, formulation, solution, and control.Some qualitative and quantitative aspects of the information demand of environmental policy are explored. Special attention is given to the consequences of the integral approach in environmental policy in terms of information requirements. The process of information supply starts with an analysis of the demand. Subsequently data from the environmental cycle have to be selected, aggregated, and presented adequately. Further, integrated environmental policy puts increased demands on the associative power of environmental information systems. 相似文献
144.
本文通过本单位档案目标管理考核, 提出进一步完善环保档案管理工作, 是环保事业的需要。从以下四方面谈一谈认识。 相似文献
145.
Marcelo Reginato Thomas C. Piechota 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(6):1537-1551
ABSTRACT: A Geographic Information System (GIS) based non‐point source runoff model is developed for the Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, to estimate the nutrient loads during the years 2000 and 2001. The estimated nonpoint source loads are compared with current wastewater treatment facilities loads to determine the non‐point source contribution of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and total suspended solids (TSS) on a monthly and annual time scale. An innovative calibration procedure is used to estimate the pollutant concentrations for different land uses based on available water quality data at the outlet. Results indicate that the pollutant concentrations are higher for the Las Vegas Valley than previous published values for semi‐arid and arid regions. The total TP and TN loads from nonpoint sources are approximately 15 percent and 4 percent, respectively, of the total load to the receiving water body, Lake Mead. The TP loads during wet periods approach the permitted loads from the wastewater treatment plants that discharge into Las Vegas Wash. In addition, the GIS model is used to track pollutant loads in the stream channels for one of the subwatersheds. This is useful for planning the location of Best Management Practices to control nonpoint pollutant loads. 相似文献
146.
ABSTRACT: Investigating natural, potential, and human-induced impacts on hydrologic systems commonly requires complex modeling with overlapping data requirements, plus massive amounts of one- to four-dimensional data at multiple scales and formats. Given the complexity of most hydrologic studies, the requisite software infrastructure must incorporate many components including simulation modeling and spatial analysis with a flexible, intuitive display. Integrating geographic information systems (GIS) and scientific visualization systems (SVS) provides such an infrastructure. This paper describes an integrated system consisting of an orographic precipitation model, a GIS, and an SVS. The results of this study provide a basis for improving the understanding of hydro-climatic processes in mountainous regions. An additional benefit of the integrated system, the value of which is often underestimated, is the improved ability to communicate model results, leading to a broader understanding of the model assumptions, sensitivities, and conclusions at a management level. 相似文献
147.
A. Laurent M. Baklouti J.P. Corriou J.L. Gustin 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2006,19(6):509-515
The present study concerns a hazardous event which occurred in an industrial storage tank of a ground insecticide. A preliminary post-accident approach of the hazard evaluation is performed. The rapid report of the presence of an unstable functional group in the active product and of its potential thermal instability (CHETAH indices) has led to complete this examination by an experimental study of thermal analysis using isotherm exposition measurement (DTA) or with temperature programming by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and oxidability tests (BAM). The apparent kinetics of decomposition of the active matter of the ground insecticide has been represented by a global Arrhenius law.
A model designed for the simulation of heterogeneous thermal runaways based on the numerical solution of the transient mass and energy balances has been further applied to define the critical conditions of the storage and simulate its behavior.
The results obtained during this analysis with the experienced feedback allowed us on one side to explain the hazardous event and especially on the other side to modify the operating protocol of the conditions of formulation of the active matter on the inert mineral support. 相似文献
148.
叙述了环境突发事件应急处理工作程序和流程,环境应急指挥基于GIS系统下各模块的功能作用。应急指挥系统的应用对减少突发环境污染事故的发生以及事故造成的社会、环境危害,提高中国应对突发事故的能力具有重要的社会效益。 相似文献
149.
150.
PROBLEM: There is a growing concern with the safety of school-aged children. This study identifies the locations of pedestrian/bicyclist crashes involving school-aged children and examines the conditions when these crashes are more likely to occur. METHOD: The 5-year records of crashes in Orange County, Florida where school-aged children were involved were used. The spatial distribution of these crashes was investigated using the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the likelihoods of crash occurrence under different conditions were estimated using log-linear models. RESULTS: A majority of school-aged children crashes occurred in the areas near schools. Although elementary school children were generally very involved, middle and high school children were more involved in crashes, particularly on high-speed multi-lane roadways. Driver's age, gender, and alcohol use, pedestrian's/bicyclist's age, number of lanes, median type, speed limits, and speed ratio were also found to be correlated with the frequency of crashes. DISCUSSION: The result confirms that school-aged children are exposed to high crash risk near schools. High crash involvement of middle and high school children reflects that middle and high schools tend to be located near multi-lane high-speed roads. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The pedestrian's/bicyclist's demographic factors and geometric characteristics of the roads adjacent to schools associated with school children's crash involvement are of interest to school districts. 相似文献