Fe(0)-活性炭强化短程反硝化脱氮及影响因素

为减少生物短程反硝化对外碳源的依赖,研究了无机环境下Fe(0)-活性炭强化短程反硝化的脱氮效果,并探究了不同铁碳比及初始pH值对系统脱氮效果及N+2O释放的影响.结果表明Fe(0)-活性炭可强化生物短程反硝化,将亚硝氮去除率由7.4%提高到31.1%.当m(铁)∶m(碳)由2∶1降至1∶1和1∶2时,反硝化速率与亚硝氮去除率均呈现先升后降的趋势,m(铁)∶m(碳)为1∶1时达到最大,分别为5.58 mg·(g·h)~(-1)与41.1%,且此时N+2O的释放量较小,为0.10 mg.当pH值由6.0升至9.0的过程中,反硝化速率由7.39 mg·(g·h)~(-1)下降至5.96 mg·(g·h)~(-1),N+2O的释放量由0.19 mg下降至0.12 mg.以上结果表明,在m(铁)∶m(碳)为1∶1和pH为弱酸性的条件下,Fe(0)-活性炭能强化短程反硝化获得较好的脱氮效果,但低pH值会增加N+2O的释放量.     

基于GIS的北京市机动车污染数据库的开发和应用

利用 GIS技术建立机动车污染数据库 ,能动态、直观地反映机动车污染的时空分布规律 ,为机动车污染控制研究提供强有力的工具 .本研究以 ArcView为主要的 GIS开发工具 ,通过属性数据和空间数据的链接 ,实现了北京市机动车污染数据库的地图化表现、动态查询、基本空间分析等功能 ,从而为机动车污染数据库提供了技术支持 .利用该系统 ,可以对北京市机动车污染物的排放、浓度和分担率的空间分布规律进行 GIS实例分析 .     

土地利用改造规划的多因子空间分析

以福清市土地利用分布为例 ,在完成土地利用状况和土地适宜性参评因子空间数据库基础上 ,集成土地适宜性综合指数模型和地块紧凑度模型 ,开发了基于地理信息系统的土地适宜性评价和土地利用控制决策支持系统。通过土地适宜性多因子空间分析 ,模拟大农业 (耕地、林地、园地 )各目标用地条件下各地块土地使用适宜度 ,并结合土地利用现状 ,得到单目标土地改造方案 ;再经模型优化和综合比较得出多目标土地利用改造规划可选方案。计算结果表明 ,福清市土地资源中开发改造为新耕地的潜力极有限 ,而用于开发改造新林地和园地的土地尚有226 80km₂ 和36 34km₂ ,为福清市土地利用改造规划和总体规划的制定和调整提供了定量依据。     

面向制信息权的核污染扩散预警技术研究

以核电站核污染扩散预警技术为研究对象,基于环保指挥自动化系统C4ISRE,通过整合WRF、HYSPLIT、Unidata IDV、AGI STK、Arc GIS系统等构建核污染扩散单一合成图SIP(Single Integrated Picture),并通过SIP对核污染扩散进行详细分析,进而实现对核污染应急处置的制信息权。研究表明:当研究区实际的天气系统具备了本例模拟的气象特征时,即主体风向为局部区域东北风3~4级,局部区域西北风6~7级,发生与日本福岛核事故同样等级的事故,12个小时后,受影响的居民区主要为谢屯镇、炮台镇、李店镇、普兰店市、无名区1。其中,炮台镇的大部分区域浓度为10 Pbq,面积为2.66 km 2,东北方向部分区域浓度为100 Pbq,面积为0.03 km~2;普兰店市西南部区域浓度为10 Pbq,面积为8.00 km~2,东北部区域浓度为100 Pbq,面积为0.033 km 2;李店镇东北区域浓度为1 Pbq,面积为0.93km~2;无名区1南部区域浓度为1 Pbq,面积为4.50 km~2。     

Demand for environmental quality information and household response: Evidence from well-water arsenic testing

Access to information about environmental quality may facilitate low-cost preventive measures that protect human health. In this paper, we study the demand for information about environmental quality and the behavioral response to the information provided. With a field experiment conducted in Bihar (India), we estimate the price sensitivity of demand for diagnostic testing of drinking water wells for arsenic of natural origin – a serious threat to the health of tens of millions of villagers across South and Southeast Asia. Demand is substantial but sensitive to price; uptake falls from 68% to 31% of households over our price range (Rs. 10 to Rs. 50). We further assess how households respond to information regarding the contamination level in their wells. About one-third of households with unsafe wells switch to a safer water source. Finally, we demonstrate that households that received adverse test outcomes are more likely to selectively forget test results, and proactively remove evidence of their wells' arsenic status.     

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广东今年广东将大幅提高环保罚款额度4月18日,记者从广东省环保局召开的全省环境执法工作会议上获悉,今年环保专项行动将进一步加大打击不法排污企业的力度,在法律允许范围内,大幅提高环境违法行为处罚额度,以增加企业     

Triangulation theory applied to conflict over hormone herbicide drift in Natal,South Africa

Policies that arise out of conflict or collaboration between specific interest groups and government agencies are often explained by theoretical constructs that fall under the umbrella of group theory. Triangulation theory is one of these constructs and serves to explain the mutuality of interests that exist between government agencies and interest groups expressed as points linking geometric forms. Conflict tends to occur when competing interest groups are excluded from the linkage, in this case between the opponents and proponents of hormone herbicides in the Tala area in Natal, South Africa. In opposition to the use of hormone herbicides were vegetable farmers and their supporters: in linked support were agricultural interest groups who used hormone herbicides, the manufacturers of the herbicides, and the government agency responsible for agriculture. Because of the influence exerted through mutual support by the proponents of hormone herbicides, the formulation of policy decisions directed towards the resolution of the conflict was delayed. When the minister of agriculture finally intervened, the policy decisions were designed to secure the support of those opposing the use of hormone herbicides by introducing issues that cut across those maintaining the discord.     

从美国加州环保署环境信息系统建设情况思考中国城市环境信息系统的建设

阐述了实地考察美国人口最多的加利福尼亚洲的三个政府环保管理部门———加州环保署、南加州水质控制局、南加州空气质量控制局的环境信息化建设的情况 ,总结了加州环境信息系统建设的特点。在此基础之上 ,结合中国城市一级环保局的实际情况 ,对中国城市环境信息系统的建设提出了几点建议以供读者思考。     

GIS在环境地质调查中的应用

对GIS系统及其在环境地质评价工作领域的应用作了分析介绍,对环境地质信息系统建立的要求进行了概要的论述。在此基础上,对利用GIS进行上海地区环境地质调查成果管理过程中的有关问题进行了必要的探讨,并提出了对策。     

图形叠置法在铁路噪声环境影响评价中的应用研究

采用图形叠置法评价铁路线路对周围环境的噪声影响，用噪声综合影响面积来反映影响大小，对各种线路方案噪声影响程度进行排序。所得结论应用到铁路线路的方案比选过程中，有助于选择出对环境噪声影响“最小”的方案，实现铁路建设和环境保护相协调的目标。评价中引入地理信息系统，充分利用其空间分析和处理属性数据的功能，大大提高了工作的效率和结论的准确程度。