From consultation to deliberation? Tracing deliberative norms in EIA frameworks in Swedish roads planning

This paper presents the results of an analysis of deliberative norms in the framework for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in roads planning in Sweden. The more specific question is how this framework has responded to the shift towards more deliberative approaches to planning and decision making, advocated in planning theory and policy literature over the last decade. The analysis, which compares the current framework and guidance with an earlier iteration, identifies a shift towards deliberation; deliberative norms are present, and even dominate recent guidance. However, an instrumental norm permeates both the former and the current guidance, suggesting that even as a language of consultation is replaced by one of deliberation, the intention remains to secure and legitimise a smooth development pathway. Evidence from interviews with professionals working in the Swedish EIA system highlights the difficulties of navigating these uncertainties in practice. By opening up critical analysis of deliberative norms as they shape the conditions for practice, this study contributes to the continuous development of planning practice, by supporting a more normatively reflexive approach to framework-design.     

安全投资决策优化模型

安全投资决策是安全生产决策的重要内容。企业生产系统的安全投资 ,是生产成本的组成部分 ,合理地安排投资项目 ,可以最大限度地提高企业的安全效果和经济效益。当安全投资额度不能完全满足投资需求时 ,不同的投资组合导致系统安全效果差异较大。分析了生产系统的安全效果与费用的关系 ,根据系统的安全需要确定投资项目费用 ,将安全投资项目通过系统安全要素与安全效果直接挂钩 ,建立了安全投资决策的目标规划模型 ,确定了合理的安全投资组合 ,使有限的安全投资取得最佳的安全效果。通过一个案例验证了模型的有效性 ,可作为企业确定安全投资项目和政府有关部门进行安全管理的决策依据。     

论加强环境保护基础设施建设

加强环境保护基础设施建设是扩大内需，拉动经济发展的重要措施，可带来可观的经济，社会和环境效益，并可改善投资结构，产业结构和生产力布局，同时也是综合整治环境污染和破坏，保护和城乡环境质量的基本扩大内需加强环境保护基础设施建设，环境保护部门应积极参与综合决策，选基础设计项目，加大投资力度，加强投资监客，并通过推行污染集中控制，区域控制和综合防治来引导和加强环境保护基础设施建设。     

对上海空间环境维系可持续发展的探讨

文章阐述了上海要建成国际大都市，需处理好大都市圈，市辖范围的城郊及市中心地区三个层面的城市空间环境问题。对大都市圈，以上海为中心的长江三角洲范围内，突破踞行政管辖范围的限制，形成基础设施和区域环境保护网络。对市辖范围内的城郊，一是要充分认识杭州湾滨江海城市带，将是２１世纪继浦东开发后，最具活力的新的经济增长及改善城市环境的重要地区，要有所预见并引导与规范其发展；二是要对郊工业的发展严格执行有利于环     

Participative multi-actor safety screening of infrastructures

Infrastructure planning very often underestimates safety issues in the early design phase. The reason for this is not necessarily the overwhelming importance of other aspects, such as functionality and economic considerations. Rather, the controversial views on safety held by different safety experts accounts for the major reason for not attributing safety the importance it deserves. In this paper we propose a seven-step methodology that allows multiple decision makers to evaluate infrastructure alternatives using safety and other indicators in early project phases. The methodology is based on analytic risk assessments, where the decision makers are asked to make ordinal tradeoffs among different safety, economic, and subjective aspects. The methodology allows multiple decision makers to aggregate preferences for different alternatives evaluated by different decision makers in a participative fashion. The proposed methodology was implemented in the Multimedia Group Decision Support Room at Delft University of Technology. The methodology was validated using real decision makers to show its realism and potential for participative decision making in safety planning.     

基于投资结构视角的企业环保投资与财务绩效

通过回归分析法研究造纸与印刷业上市公司的环保投资与财务绩效的相关性,发现两者之间呈显著的正向线性关系。将环保投资按不同结构分类,发现污染预防投资比末端治理投资带来的财务绩效更明显,环保固定资产投资比技术投资在短期内带来的财务效益更明显。     

Greening the state? The framing of sustainability in Dutch infrastructure governance

This paper investigates how the notion of ‘sustainability’ is strategically framed in the context of Dutch infrastructure governance in the Netherlands. By conducting a frame analysis (based on policy documents, websites and semi-structured interviews), the paper discerns six sustainability frames. These frames concern substantive (e.g., more focus on ecology), process (activating new networks) and organizational (e.g., new practices of work) aspects. The paper also illustrates how these sustainability frames relate to the changing institutional context of infrastructure policy and governance more broadly. The paper discusses some of the productive and challenging implications of the dynamics of sustainability in today’s complex and multi-dimensional world of governance.     

Exploring citizen infrastructure and environmental priorities in Mumbai,India

Many cities worldwide seek to understand local policy priorities among their general populations. This study explores how differences in local conditions and among citizens within and across Mumbai, India shape local infrastructure (e.g. energy, water, transport) and environmental (e.g. managing pollution, climate-related extreme weather events) policy priorities for change that may or may not be aligned with local government action or global environmental sustainability concerns such as low-carbon development. In this rapidly urbanizing city, multiple issues compete for prominence, ranging from improved management of pollution and extreme weather to energy and other infrastructure services. To inform a broader perspective of policy priorities for urban development and risk mitigation, a survey was conducted among over 1200 citizens. The survey explored the state of local conditions, the challenges citizens face, and the ways in which differences in local conditions (socio-institutional, infrastructure, and health-related) demonstrate inequities and influence how citizens perceive risks and rank priorities for the future design and implementation of local planning, policy, and community-based efforts. With growing discussion and tensions surrounding the new urban sustainable development goal, announced by the UN in late September 2015, and a new global urban agenda document to be agreed upon at ‘Habitat III’, issues on whether sustainable urbanization priorities should be set at the international, national or local level remain controversial. As such, this study aims to first understand determinants of and variations in local priorities across one city, with implications discussed for local-to-global urban sustainability. Findings from survey results indicate the determinants and variation in conditions such as age, assets, levels of participation in residential action groups, the health outcome of chronic asthma, and the infrastructure service of piped water provision to homes are significant in shaping the top infrastructure and environmental policy priorities that include water supply and sanitation, air pollution, waste, and extreme heat.     

安全投入问题

论述了生产特征与安全投入的关系以及安全投入的属性、体系和内涵,提出需求和能力决定安全投入的一些建议。     

Hydrogen island: the story and motivations behind the Icelandic hydrogen society experiment

The paper describes the background, motivations and action plan for an extensive experiment with hydrogen (H) as an energy carrier in Iceland. The energy consumption of Iceland is described as well as the role of fossil fuel imports in the otherwise renewable energy scenario. The paper goes on describing the academic/political reasons for the drive towards the H economy experiment and the international consortium created to herald the work. Finally the paper describes the ongoing projects in Iceland and the anticipated development of H research and development in the country.