From concept to practice: Implementing cumulative impact assessment in New Zealand

In 1991, provisions for environmental impact assessment in New Zealand were changed significantly with the enactment of the Resource Management Act. Among other provisions, this act requires consideration of cumulative impacts in environmental assessment activities undertaken by planners in newly created regional authorities and district and city councils. The institutional context in which the act is being implemented offers both opportunities and constraints to cumulative impact assessment. A lack of methods for CIA is a recognized problem. However, methods that have been developed for environmental impact assessments can be modified to incorporate second-, third-, and fourth-order impacts as well as to identify the direction and magnitude of additive and synergistic impacts. Layered matrices and combined networks are examples of such methods. While they do not allow for scientific prediction, they do provide the practitioner with the ability to consider the cumulative impacts of decisions. This is crucial in New Zealand, where statutory requirements are ahead of established methodologies.     

Impediments to Integrated Urban Stormwater Management: The Need for Institutional Reform

It is now well established that the traditional practice of urban stormwater management contributes to the degradation of receiving waterways, and this practice was more recently critiqued for facilitating the wastage of a valuable water resource. However, despite significant advances in alternative “integrated urban stormwater management” techniques and processes over the last 20 years, wide-scale implementation has been limited. This problem is indicative of broader institutional impediments that are beyond current concerns of strengthening technological and planning process expertise. Presented here is an analysis of the institutionalization of urban stormwater management across Sydney with the objective of scoping institutional impediments to more sustainable management approaches. The analysis reveals that the inertia with the public administration of urban stormwater inherently privileges and perpetuates traditional stormwater management practices at implementation. This inertia is characterized by historically entrained forms of technocratic institutional power and expertise, values and leadership, and structure and jurisdiction posing significant impediments to change and the realization of integrated urban stormwater management. These insights strongly point to the need for institutional change specifically directed at fostering horizontal integration of the various functions of the existing administrative regime. This would need to be underpinned with capacity-building interventions targeted at enabling a learning culture that values integration and participatory decision making. These insights also provide guideposts for assessing the institutional and capacity development needs for improving urban water management practices in other contexts.     

生态环境导向的开发(EOD)投融资模式创新需求

生态环境导向的开发模式是解决传统生态治理项目公益性强而经济效益较差的重要手段。本研究总结了“EOD+PPP”模式、投资人+EPC模式、ABO模式、政府专项债券和创新型贷款模式等五项模式的特点与应用案例,并从地方政府支出角度剖析了各种模式的适用条件。本文认为,当前 EOD模式的运行难点包括:产业培育周期较长,投资回报不确定性较大;开发存在诸多风险因素,缺少标准化制度体系;金融机构缺乏积极性,配套投融资考评体系建设不足。最后提出 EOD模式创新的政策建议,通过关联产业一体化实施、协同生态价值实现机制、强化风险管控评估、规范应用投融资模式为完善EOD投融资模式创新提供思路。     

唐山中厚板厂污水处理回用工程的财务分析

探讨了项目财务评价结果和项目敏感性分析技术的应用方法,为某公司唐山中厚板厂污水处理回用项目融资方案和运营方案的决策提供依据.介绍了唐山中厚板材有限公司废水回收利用工程项目概况;确定了该项目的基础数据,进行财务分析,这是进行后续敏感性分析的基础.对此项目进行敏感性分析,找出影响该项目收益的敏感性因素,为该项目执行时的风险管理提供一定依据.     

煤矿安全投入资金管理模式研究

通过分析目前企业资金的管理模式,运用层次分析法选择了适合煤矿安全投入资金管理的资金管理模式.为了保证煤矿安全投入资金管理模式切实应用到煤矿安全管理中,提出了进行安全投入资金的管理立法的观点.     

城市污水处理设施建设和运营资金缺口分析

运用FEASIBLE模型选择四川省14个位于三峡库区影响地带的市/县数据进行城市污水处理设施建设和运营资金的供需缺口分析.结果表明:在基线融资情况下,若投资没有显著提高,14个市/县将无法实现城市污水处理基础设施发展目标;排污收集系统的建设将由于资金匮乏落后于污水处理厂的建设;资金来源过度依赖公共预算,会受到其他社会服务对公共预算需求的限制和影响;使用者付费仅能支付污水处理设施运行和维护费用的40%.并针对基线情境下的分析提出改革对策.      

Governance models for nature-based solutions: Seventeen cases from Germany

Nature-based solutions (NBS) for mitigating climate change are gaining popularity. The number of NBS is increasing, but research gaps still exist at the governance level. The objectives of this paper are (i) to give an overview of the implemented NBS for flood risk management and mitigation in Germany, (ii) to identify governance models that are applied, and (iii) to explore the differences between these models. The results of a hierarchical clustering procedure and a qualitative analysis show that while no one-size-fits-all governance model exists, polycentricism is an important commonality between the projects. The study concludes by highlighting the need for further research on traditional governance model reconversion and paradigm changes. We expect the findings to identify what has worked in the past, as well as what is important for the implementation of NBS for flood risk management in future projects.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01412-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

辽河流域污染防治PPP模式的适用性研究

辽河流域是我国水污染防治的重点流域,然而在投融资方面存在资金需求缺口大、筹措渠道单一,投资结构不合理等问题。故选择适宜的投融资模式是做好辽河流域污染防治工作的关键。在了解、分析辽河流域污染防治投融资现状的基础上,指出PPP模式具有拓宽资金来源,提高财政资金总体使用效率,拓展市场主体企业生存发展空间等优点,是解决辽河流域污染防治投融资问题的重要发展途径。结合PPP模式在辽河流域污染防治中的实际应用,提出了促进PPP在流域污染防治领域发展运用的具体建议。     

An institutional theoretic investigation on the links between internationalization of Chinese manufacturers and their environmental supply chain management

Increased market internationalization with more and stricter environmental regulations in different countries has caused manufacturers to extend their environmental management practices to cover their supply chain partners. Thus, environmental supply chain management (ESCM) has become an important competitive and environmental strategy for manufacturers to pursue. China, as a global manufacturer, is also facing this balance of economic development with environmental protection. The literature remains unclear on whether internationalization is beneficial or costly when it comes to environmental management practices such as ESCM within China. Further insight into this issue will be useful for organizations in developing and emergent economies to more effectively prepare for internationalizing their operations and markets. Using internationalization drivers that propel the implementation of environmental management practices in the Chinese manufacturing industry, we applied cluster analysis to group a sample of 377 Chinese manufacturers surveyed in 2007 into three clusters: mature internationalization, emergent internationalization, and domestic-focused. Institutional theory within an internationalization context sets the theoretical foundation for evidence that the international environmentally oriented institutional drivers encountered are positively associated with the adoption of ESCM practices by Chinese manufacturers. We also find significant differences in the environmental, economic and operational performance outcomes across the three manufacturer clusters. We conclude that manufacturing organizations experiencing internationalization with a greater extent of adopting ESCM practices tend to perform better.