A profile of environmental science in China

This paper concisely introduced the eco-environmental survey in China and the Chinese scientific programme for environmental research which is being practiced or being planned. China has established a nation-wide system relating to environmental scientific research and environmental administration and has taken the following strategies for solving the environment problems: (1) a series of laws and regulations for environmental protection has been promulgated so as to strengthen the legal administration and economic punishment. (2) the idea of ecological construction has been proposed for the purpose of taking the environmental protection work into the consideration of the national and provincial (or regional) economic construction planning. (3) spreading ecological engineering and ecological technologies have reduced the pollutant sources and have increased the industrial and agricultural economic profit.     

论区域环境规划的综合集成方法

区域环境是复杂的巨系统 ,在区域环境规划中必须采用综合集成的方法才能有效地解决各种问题。集成是一种有机的结合 ,提出了各环境规划要素集成的六种思路 ,并为六种集成的再度集成 ,提出了区域环境规划的综合集成环境规划室体系。     

Integrated nutrient management and waste recycling for restoring soil fertility and productivity in Japanese mint and mustard sequence in Uttar Pradesh, India

Supplementing the nutrient requirement of crops through organic manures plays a key role in sustaining soil fertility, and crop productivity and reducing use of fossil fuels. Field experiments were conducted for 2 years at two different locations (i.e. Lucknow and Pantnagar) in Uttar Pradesh, India. The objectives of the study were to assess the herb and essential oil yields of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis cv. Hy 77), and its nutrient accumulation under single and combined applications of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers (NPK). Changes in physical and chemical characteristics of the soils (Fluvisols, Mollisols) were also determined. Eight treatments comprising different combinations of NPK through inorganic fertilizers and farm yard manure (FYM) were compared. The distilled waste of mint after extraction of essential oil was recycled to soils in the plots to supplement the nutritional requirement of the succeeding mustard crop (Brassica juncea cv. Pusa Bold). Herb and essential oil yield of mint were significantly higher with combined application of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients as compared to single applications. Accumulation of N and P was at par under full inorganic and combined supply whereas, K accumulation was higher with the former. Soil organic C and pH after harvest of mint did not significantly differ among the treatments, but the level of mineralizable N, Olsen-P and NH₄OAc extractable K were higher in soil with integrated supply of nutrients. Significant increase in soil water stable aggregates, organic C, available NPK and microbial biomass, and decrease in soil bulk density were observed with waste recycling over fertilizer application. These benefits were reflected in the seed and stubble yield of mustard which succeeded mint. This study indicates that combined application of inorganic fertilizers with organics helps in increasing the availability of nutrients and crop yield and provides a significant effect to the succeeding crop. Similarly, recycling crop residues reduces the need for fossil fuel based fertilizer, and helps in sustaining and restoring soil fertility in terms of available nutrients and major physical and chemical characteristics of the soil.     

Emergy evaluation of the environment and economy of Hong Kong

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煤中有害元素对环境和人体健康影响的评价参数

煤中有害元素对环境和人体健康影响的较为全面的评价体系一直未建立，环保部门也缺乏系统性评价参数对电厂等在煤煤过程中有害元素排向大气的释放量进行监测估算。本文在查阅大量资料（主要为外文）的基础上，认为评价煤中有害元素对环境和人体健康影响的参数应该包括以下方面的数据C、H、O、N、无机硫，有机硫，有害微量元素的含量，分布规律，赋存状态，迁移转化行为（在燃煤过程中），洁净能力，淋滤力，矿物质，有机化学特征，煤炭学特征，并对煤中有害元素的污染方法进行探讨，如果上述各参数的数据被全面提供，并据此数据作针对性的抑制措施，煤中有害元素对环境和人体健康危害影响必将降低到最小。     

环境及环境科学的哲学概观

从哲学层次上考察环境和环境科学有关问题，对环境问题的根本解决与环境科学的发展具有世界观与方法论上的指导意义。环境是一个哲学范畴，是主体活动赖于进行的自然、社会、人文条件的总和。环境哲学承认环境的价值因素，引入环境价值系统，实行自然资源的有偿使用。环境哲学将伦理观引入自然环境之中，倡导人类须规范其行为、尊重自然环境有其存在与发展的权利。环境哲学寻求从根本上解决人类自身发展的道路。     

ISO14000与煤炭企业的可持续发展

本文结合煤炭企业的自身特点，论述了在煤炭企业开发ISO14000环境标准的重大意义和如何开发和实施ISO14000。此外，还就存在的问题提出了解决办法，以实现煤炭企业的可持续发展。     

实施清洁生产方案走可持续发展之路

提高环保意识，加强环保管理，推行清洁生产，开好污水治理设施，重视环保科研，经济效益与环境效益并重，为保护资源做贡献。     

战略环境评价在环境与发展综合决策中的作用

建立环境与发展综合决策机制是加强宏观环境管理的着眼点和突破口，其中战略环境评价（SEA）是重要工具，回顾了SEA的概念及发展，从技术支持，运行框架和长远效益几方面论述了SEA所能发挥的核心作用。划分SEA的不同工作模式，阐述其综合决策特征，归纳SEA的成功因素，提出我国开展SEA的建议。     

政府激励企业环境技术创新的初步研究

环境技术创新是实施可持续发展战略的有效个介手段。政府激励企业ＥＳＴｓ的手段有开展环保教育，制订宏观经济管理政策，调整经济体制和结构，加强经济手段和实施环境法。政府激企业ＥＳＴｓ应兼顾多重目标、以及通过完善市场机制来节约激励成本。