圆杯—多边形杆复合挤压的上限研究

此文采用三次多项式表示的流线速度场和基元圆环技术相结合的混合流动模型对国杯—多边形截面杆型复合挤压进行了上限分析,得到挤压力的上限解,分析了杆部截面形状对复合挤压分流点位置及变形力的影响规律并对理论计算进行了实验验证.     

沈阳张士污灌区镉循环的分室模型与污染防治对策研究

对沈阳张士污灌区大气、水、土壤和生物各分室中Ｃｄ的库存量和各分室间Ｃｄ的循环通量进行了研究，建立了土壤－水稻系统中Ｃｄ流分室模型。该模型表明，Ⅱ闸和Ⅲ闸地区土壤分室中Ｃｄ的库存增量均为正值。可见，该污灌区近年来Ｃｄ污染程度由于污水灌溉仍然处于加剧的趋势。研究最后指出，该污灌区Ｃｄ的污染防治对策主要是减少污水灌溉量、进一步降低灌溉水中Ｃｄ的浓度和通过富Ｃｄ植物收获带走Ｃｄ．其中，以野生苋的收获带走Ｃｄ最有意义，它可使Ⅱ闸和Ⅲ闸地区Ｃｄ的下降速率分别依次达到２９．４９和２２．８１ｍｇ／（ｍ￣２·ａ）。     

浙江三界、谷来地区1/5万区域地质调查工作的主要进展

三界谷来地区主要出露中、新生代火山岩。进行 １／５万区域地质调查时，采用火山活动旋回－火山构造－火山地层－岩相、岩性－体化思路，按照同旋回火山机构或火山喷发区为单元，确定岩石地层单位和填图单元。火山岩划分为九种岩相类型，建立了两个岩相模式和一个三相一体成因模式。根据火山岩浆作用的旋回性及其产物与火山构造形迹时、空、成因一致性原理，将中、新生代火山岩浆作用分为四个火山活动旋回，圈定了相应的火山机构或火山喷发中心，建立了竹田头复活破火山演化模式。新生代玄武岩中发现二辉斜长麻粒岩等深源包体，为研究区域深部地质作用过程提供了证据。侵入岩按岩石谱系单元划分了七个岩石单元一个超单元，将侵入岩－潜火山岩－火山岩作为岩浆作用整体研究，为正确阐明岩浆作用及其演化规律奠定了基础。区域线型构造发育，与环形火山构造组合，形成火山岩区特有的线一环构造格局。中上元古界陈蔡群变质岩划分为上、下两个岩组，探讨了变质岩的原岩性质及其形成的大地构造环境。     

厌氧处理原理及其在低浓度有机废水处理中的应用现状

介绍了厌氧处理原理，并对厌氧处理低浓度废水的最新进展进行了较全面的综速，高效厌氧反应器及组合工艺为这一发展提供了可能。高效厌氧反应器中以膨胀颗粒污泥床（ECSB）反应器为首选。其结构及远行特性决定了它在处理低浓度虚水方面具有潜在的优势，但中国EC,SB的应用仅处于研究阶段，尚未有生产规模的EGSB；组合工艺对低浓度废水中污染物去除率极高，出水中COD、NH3-N、TP和SS浓度均可达到较高的排放标准，对生活污水、稀释后的工业有机废水等低浓度有机废水处理具有广阔的前景。     

昆明城市太阳辐射资源及利用现状初探

利用有关资料,对昆明城市太阳辐射资源和利用现状进行了初步探讨。分析得知,昆明地区太阳辐射具有独特的分布特征,为太阳能的利用提供了良好的环境条件;太阳能热水器在干季晴好天气时增温效果显著。通过对不同太阳能热水器普及率和不同增温率的太阳能热水器等的计算,可以看出昆明城市太阳能热水器的节能效应是十分显著的,但仍有较大空间。加大昆明城市太阳能热水器的普及工作对于城市太阳能利用将是十分重要的。     

Software as a bridge between theory and practice in life cycle assessment

Three mutually dependent elements are required for the application of life cycle assessment: methodology, data and software. Obviously, the design of software is determined by the methodology and the type of data available. Conversely, the development of software dictates the way in which data should be collected and recorded, and improves the theoretical framework, as it forces one to state the principles clearly and unambiguously. The influence of the development of software on both data and methodology is addressed and illustrated by examples, with reference to two key terms: transparency and explicitness. Three types of influence are distinguished: the design of a protocol, the formulation in terms of recipes, and the presentation of data.     

Biogeochemical sulphur cycle in Haihe River Basin

ＢｉｏｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓｕｌｐｈｕｒｃｙｃｌｅｉｎＨａｉｈｅＲｉｖｅｒＢａｓｉｎＬｉｕＱｕａｎｙｏｕ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｅｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｂｅ...     

气候政策研究中的数学模型评述

按照成本分析和综合分析2个层次，分别介绍了投入产出模型、可计算一般均衡模型、宏观计量经济模型、工程经济模型、动态能源优化模型、能源系统模拟模型、综合评估模型等不同模型方法的特点及其在气候政策分析中的应用。指出可计算一般均衡模型是应用得最为广泛的方法之一。概括了气候政策模型研究的4个发展趋势，包括加强综合评估模型的应用、扩展成本与效益的内涵、注重不同模型之间的比较、强调不确定性分析。结果中国研究现状，分析了当前面昨的问题，认为国内气候政策模型研究与中国在国际气候变化领域的地位仍不相称，强度要进一步加强研究队伍建设、扩展研究领域、跟踪国际研究前沿问题，以便为国家的气候谈判政策提供更有效的科学依据和决策支持。     

秦山核电站邻近水域海水光的穿透性能变化研究

本文运用水体可见光的传输机理，讨论了光的传输特性与水中悬浮泥沙，色素和黄色物质的定量关系。同时简述了在秦山核电站邻近海域１９９５年１０月￣１９９６年７月间４个航次的有关水光学特征现场测量过程和实验室分析方法。最后，通过水体中太阳光透透深度和真空层，研究了该邻近海域的光穿透性能的季节性变化。研究表明，核电站运行以来，秦山核电站邻近海域水的光穿透性能变化很小。     

The application of life cycle assessment to design

This paper explores the practical application of life cycle assessment (LCA) to product system development. While life cycle assessment methods have been studied and demonstrated extensively over the last two decades, their application to product design and development has not been critically addressed. Many organizational and operational factors limit the integration of the three LCA components (inventory analysis, impact assessment and improvement assessment) with product development. Design of the product system can be considered a synthesis of individual decisions and choices made by the design team, which ultimately shape the system's environmental profile. The environmental goal of life cycle design is to minimize the aggregate environmental impacts associated with the product system. Appropriate environmental information must be supplied to decision makers throughout each stage of the development process to achieve this goal. LCA can serve as a source of this information, but informational requirements can vary as the design moves from its conceptual phase, where many design choices are possible, to its detailed design and implementation. Streamlined approaches and other tools, such as design checklists, are essential. The practical use of this tool in product development also depends on the nature and complexity of the product system (e.g. new vs. established), the product development cycle (time-to-market constraints), availability of technical and financial resources, and the design approach (integrated vs. serial). These factors will influence the role and scope of LCA in product development. Effective communication and evaluation of environmental information and the integration of this information with cost, performance, cultural and legal criteria will also be critical to the success of design initiatives based on the life cycle framework. An overview of several of these design initiatives will be presented.