论生物学书稿中量与符号的规范化问题

随着国际科教交流活动的增加,在生物学研究中采用与推广新的量与符号的国际出版标准正变得日益重要,作为生物学书稿的资深编辑,本文讨论了生物学书稿中通常使用的量、符号、名词术语和其它的统计符号.     

Association of Coloration Mode with Population Declines and Endangerment in Australian Frogs

Abstract: Successful protection of biodiversity requires increased understanding of the ecological characteristics that predispose some species to endangerment. Theory posits that species with polymorphic or variable coloration should have larger distributions, use more diverse resources, and be less vulnerable to population declines and extinctions, compared with taxa that do not vary in color. We used information from literature on 194 species of Australian frogs to search for associations of coloration mode with ecological variables. In general, species with variable or polymorphic color patterns had larger ranges, used more habitats, were less prone to have a negative population trend, and were estimated as less vulnerable to extinction compared with nonvariable species. An association of variable coloration with lower endangerment was also evident when we controlled statistically for the effects of range size. Nonvariable coloration was not a strong predictor of endangerment, and information on several characteristics is needed to reliably identify and protect species that are prone to decline and may become threatened by extinction in the near future. Analyses based on phylogenetic‐independent contrasts did not support the hypothesis that evolutionary transitions between nonvariable and variable or polymorphic coloration have been accompanied by changes in the ecological variables we examined. Irrefutable demonstration of a role of color pattern variation in amphibian decline and in the dynamics and persistence of populations in general will require a manipulative experimental approach.     

理化因素对锰细菌Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus MN1409氧化Mn2+的影响

Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus MN1409是1株分离自锰矿样品的高效锰氧化细菌。为了建立该菌株氧化Mn2+的适宜条件,研究了接种量、装液量、摇床转速、温度、pH值、Fe2+初始质量浓度和Mn2+初始质量浓度等理化因素对其锰氧化效率的影响。结果表明,接种量、装液量、转速和Mn2+初始质量浓度在一定范围内变化对锰氧化率影响不大;而温度、pH值和Fe2+初始质量浓度变化对锰氧化率有较大影响。当接种量为4%,装液量为60 mL,温度为25℃,摇床转速为100r/min,pH值为7,且有一定的Fe2+存在时,Arthrobacter chlorophenolicusMN1409对锰的氧化效率最高。     

The ethics of genetic engineering and gene drives in conservation

The ethical issues associated with using genetic engineering and gene drives in conservation are typically described as consisting of risk assessment and management, public engagement and acceptance, opportunity costs, risk and benefit distributions, and oversight. These are important, but the ethical concerns extend beyond them because the use of genetic engineering has the potential to significantly alter the practices, concepts, and value commitments of conservation. I sought to elucidate the broader set of ethical issues connected with a potential genetic engineering turn in conservation and provide an approach to ethical analysis of novel conservation technologies. The primary rationales offered in support of using genetic engineering and gene drives in conservation are efficiency and necessity for achieving conservation goals. The instrumentalist ethical perspective associated with these rationales involves assessing novel technologies as a means to accomplish desired ends. For powerful emerging technologies the instrumentalist perspective needs to be complemented by a form-of-life perspective frequently applied in the philosophy of technology. The form-of-life perspective involves considering how novel technologies restructure the activities into which they are introduced. When the form-of-life perspective is applied to creative genetic engineering in conservation, it brings into focus a set of ethical issues, such as those associated with power, meaning, relationships, and values, that are not captured by the instrumentalist perspective. It also illuminates why the use of gene drives in conservation is so ethically and philosophically interesting.     

硝化菌与膜生物反应器结合处理生活污水中氨氮

研究了硝化菌与膜生物反应器结合处理生活污水中氨氮，实验用水采用食堂与化粪池混合水，实验装置采用膜生物反应器，进水氨氮在4mg／L左右，出水氨氮值接近0，实验结果表明出水能够达到国家工业冷却回用水的指标要求，同时COD也降至30mg／L以下，能满足回用要求。     

异常环境电磁场对生物影响的研究进展

物理学的研究表明,在地球的大气环境中存在一个巨大的电场,大气电离层的电势约为360 kV,地球表面的电势约为130 kV;地球又是一个大磁球,地球表面磁场的磁感应强度约为10~-5T,地球上生物就是在这样的环境电磁场中繁衍和进化.然而,在现代社会中,随着电力和电子信息技术的飞速发     

我国大兴安岭北部鱼类资源现状

根据１９９０－１９９４年调查结果表明,我国大兴岭北部现有淡水鱼类计７目５亚目１４科,１４亚科４７属６８种,其中经济鱼类２２种。与８０年代初期相比,有８目２亚目１０科２亚科２９属３３种鱼类未采集到标本,经济鱼类资源少了１７种。     

Sulfate reducing bacterial community and in situ activity in mature fine tailings analyzed by real time qPCR and microsensor

Sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB) play significant roles in anaerobic environments in oil sands mature fine tailings(MFTs). Hydrogen sulfide(H2S) is produced during the biological sulfate reduction process. The production of toxic H_2S is one of the concerns because it may hinder the landscape remediation efficiency of oil sands tailing ponds. In present study, the in situ activity and the community structure of SRB in MFT and gypsum amended MFT in two settling columns were investigated. Combined techniques of H_2S microsensor and dissimilatory sulfite reductase β-subunit(dsrB) genes-based real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) were applied to detect the in situ H_2S and the abundance of SRB. A higher diversity of SRB and more H_2S were observed in gypsum amended MFT than that in MFT, indicating a higher sulfate reduction activity in gypsum amended MFT; in addition, the activity of SRB varied as depth in both MFT and gypsum amended MFT: the deeper the more H_2S produced. Long-term plans for tailings management can be assessed more wisely with the information provided in this study.     

人工纳米材料生物效应研究进展

人工纳米材料(MNMs)由于其所具有的独特性质能满足当前工业发展的多样化需求,近年来获得迅速的发展.目前,越来越多的MNMs已被投放市场,给人们生活带来巨大的变化和进步.但是有关MNMs是否对环境和健康产生不利影响的问题,同样引起了人们广泛的关注.通过总结近年来的相关研究资料,一方面探讨了生物对MNMs的暴露途径;另一方面,从MNMs对动物细胞、肺组织和脑组织的毒性效应,MNMs在生物体内的转移、积累以及皮肤对MNMs的吸收等角度,对MNMs的生物效应进行综述.同时,发现MNMs本身独特的物理化学性质和MNMs的表面修饰是影响MNMs生物效应的重要因素.此外,借鉴超细颗粒的研究结果探讨了MNMs生物效应可能的作用机制.最后展望了纳米毒理学的发展.     

金属尾矿制备生物陶粒的研究

阐述了利用江西某金属矿的尾矿、炉渣、粉煤灰制备一种多孔滤料陶粒的方法。实验结果表明：粒径5—30mm、粒子密度1．5-2．5g．／cm^3堆积密度0．65-1．3g／cm^3、比表面积7．2-13．5m^2／g、酸可溶率〈0．7％、筒压强度6．5-9．1MPa、吸水率0．1％～5％的陶粒质轻多孔,比表面积大,附着的微生物量大,孔隙率高,微生物挂膜快,老化生物膜易脱落。