Diagnosis of Bloom's syndrome by sister chromatid exchange evaluation in chorionic villus cultures

Cultures of a chorion biopsy taken from a pregnancy at risk of Bloom's syndrome revealed the high sister chromatid exchange frequency diagnostic of this rare disorder. To obtain the result, cultures were grown under standard conditions, with the addition of 10μM 5′;-bromodeoxyuridine for the final 48 h of incubation. This result demonstrates the feasibility of early prenatal diagnosis of Bloom's syndrome.     

离子交换树脂吸附Cd(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的研究

采用静态法和动态法对阳离子交换树脂吸附Cd(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)的行为进行了研究。考察了pH值、流速、吸附时间等条件对吸附效果的影响,优化了树脂洗脱再生的最佳条件。实验结果表明,732型强酸阳离子交换树脂能够有效地吸附废水中的Cd(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)。对比两种交换方式,动态法具有操作简单、效率高、可连续运行等特点,具有较高的实用价值。     

重庆降水研究的质量控制和质量保证

本文介绍重庆地区酸雨研究的质量控制程序。合理布点、采样,样品预处理和存贮条件的研究,严格的分析测试和质控检验,是获得可比可信分析质量的保证。     

用电渗析和离子交换相结合的方法处理印制电路板氯化铜废水

据统计,我国有近千家生产印制电路板的工厂。在生产过程中,大量被刻蚀下来的铜离子随废水排放。一个年产20万m~2电路板的小型工厂,一年内就要排放掉近30t铜。这不仅浪费了铜,而且严重地污染了环境。因此,治理刻蚀工艺含铜废水具有现实意义。 传统的中和沉淀法处理刻蚀工艺含铜废水投资高、占地面积大、耗用大量化学试剂;该法处理过的水含盐量(尤其C1~-)高,不能直接回用。     

铁矿酸性排水的人工湿地处理

在排放酸性重金属废水的铁矿排土场建设人工湿地处理系统,面积130m~2,废水流量0.5m~3/h,经过两个月的运行测试结果表明:人工湿地系统能有效地处理酸水.酸水pH值由2.6升高到6.1;铜离子由25.79×10~(-6)减少到0.099×10~(-6),去除率为99.7%;铁离子由36.50×10~(-6)降到0.031×10~(-6),去除率为99.8%;锰离子从393.6×10~(-6)降低到107.20×10~(-6),去除率为70.9%.     

Advanced analytical determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and other major contaminants in water samples using GC-Ion Trap MS

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｗａｔｅｒｑｕａｌｉｔｙｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｆｏｒｍｉｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｈａｚａｒｄｏｕｓｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓｉｓｓｔｉｌｌａｍａｔｔｅｒｏｆｓｔｒｉｎｇｅｎｔｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｔｉｏｎｉｎＪａｐａｎ .Ｓｕｂｓｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙ,ｒｅｇｕｌａｒｏｎ ｇｏｉｎｇｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇａｒｅｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｅｄ ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｆｏｒｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓ…     

Dynamic temperature model for proton exchange membrane fuel cell using online variations in load current and ambient temperature

This paper presents a dynamic temperature model for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system. The proposed model overcomes the complexity of conventional models using first-order expressions consisting of load current and ambient temperature. The proposed model also incorporates a PEMFC cooling system, which depends upon the temperature difference between events. A dynamic algorithm is developed to detect load changing events and calculate instantaneous PEMFC temperature variations. The parameters of the model are extracted by employing the lightning search algorithm (LSA). The temperature characteristics of the NEXA 1.2 kW PEMFC system are experimentally studied to validate model performance. The results show that the proposed model output and the temperature data obtained from experiments for linear and abrupt changes in PEMFC load current are in agreement. The root-mean-square error between the model output and experimental results is less than 0.9. Moreover, the proposed model outperforms the conventional models and provides advantages such as simplicity and adaptability for low and high sampling data rates of input variables, namely, load current and ambient temperature. The model is not only helpful for simulations but also suitable for dynamic real-time controllers and emulators.     

新型IEM-UF耦合短程硝化反硝化系统脱氮特性

针对低碳氮比生活污水的特点,提出新型离子交换膜-超滤组合膜（IEM-UF）氮富集短程硝化反硝化脱氮工艺.研究了新型IEM-UF亚硝化反硝化脱氮系统在三阶段运行工况下各反应器的性能及整个系统的脱氮及COD去除效果,同时应用高通量技术探究菌群结构变化对脱氮效果的影响.试验结果表明：C/N为3,亚硝化反应器中DO=0.5mg/L条件下,亚硝化反应器中NO₂^--N积累率仅用19d就达到了90%;在短程反硝化进水流量比为2：1的条件下,COD及NO_x^--N平均去除率分别达到80%和89%以上.TN去除率最高达到64.8%.高通量16S rDNA测序结果表明,三阶段菌群结构变化与系统脱氮效果的变化一致,亚硝化反应3个阶段亚硝化单胞菌Nitrosomonas所占比例分别为3.69%、5.48%和0.53%,反硝化反应3个阶段反硝化菌Dechloromonas、Thauera之和占活性污泥总菌群比例达到33.35%、25.62%、20.52%.     

Large variability in ambient ozone sensitivity across 19 ethylenediurea-treated Chinese cultivars of soybean is driven by total ascorbate

The sensitivity of Chinese soybean cultivars to ambient ozone(O3) in the field is unknown,although soybean is a major staple food in China. Using ethylenediurea(EDU) as an O3 protectant, we tested the gas exchange, pigments, antioxidants and biomass of 19 cultivars exposed to 28 ppm·hr AOT40(accumulated O3 over an hourly concentration threshold of40 ppb) over the growing season at a field site in China. By comparing the average biomass with and without EDU, we estimated the cultivar-specific sensitivity to O3 and ranked the cultivars from very tolerant( 10% change) to highly sensitive( 45% change), which helps in choosing the best-suited cultivars for local cultivation. Higher lipid peroxidation and activity of the ascorbate peroxidase enzyme were major responses to O3 damage, which eventually translated into lower biomass production. The constitutional level of total ascorbate in the leaves was the most important parameter explaining O3 sensitivity among these cultivars. Surprisingly, the role of stomatal conductance was insignificant. These results will guide future breeding efforts towards more O3-tolerant cultivars in China, while strategies for implementing control measures of regional O3 pollution are being implemented. Overall, these results suggest that present ambient O3 pollution is a serious concern for soybean in China, which highlights the urgent need for policy-making actions to protect this critical staple food.     

水体中硼的去除方法研究进展

硼是人体与动、植物必需的一种微量元素。然而,当水中硼浓度超过最大允许值,将对人体和部分动、植物产生严重的负面影响。硼独特的物化性质导致常规水处理方法对硼的去除效果较差。论述了各种水处理除硼方法,包括化学沉淀、吸附、离子交换、液液萃取、纳滤、反渗透、正渗透、膜蒸馏、组合工艺和其他方法;分析了各种除硼方法的分离过程、影响因素和优缺点等;展望了水处理除硼方法发展趋势,认为开发出能在中性p H条件下快速高效除硼的膜,以及具有高硼吸附量、易再生和回收硼的特效硼吸附剂是除硼水处理技术的发展方向。