Coupling hydrologic and economic modeling for wetland management multi-optimization in Tram Chim National Park,Vietnam

We developed a comprehensive coupling framework with a multi-objective optimization that bridges a water balance model (WBM) and a wetland service model (WSM) to supporting wetland management. The framework was tested for management in Tram Chim National Park (with four wetland zones) where hydro-economic optimization was needed. The framework used (1) a model coupling process bridging WBM and WSM to create a modular hydro-economic model (MHEM), (2) a multi-objective optimization, and (3) an anneal scheduling for scenario optimization. The framework demonstrated its competency in identifying cause–effect/interaction flows (bridges) between WBM and WSM to design MHEM to simulate optimized scenarios; for the case study, the multi-objective optimization was met for all wetland zones. Results suggested a flexible consideration of management scales for optimization, i.e. hydrologic optimization at a zone level and net benefit optimization at a Park level. Our framework is applicable to supporting complex wetland decisions considering multiple objectives.     

基于需求时间的隧道塌方应急资源分级调度研究

为打破对物资送达时间的绝对性限制,均衡关注关键考量因素,提出需求时间的概念,借助ArcGIS绘制需求时间服务范围;考虑救援需求的不确定性,在需求时间服务范围内建立模型对应急资源进行分级调度,并对关键路段及交叉口制定应急交通管控预案.模型包括2部分,在路径决策方面,建立带需求时间和畅通可靠度阈值约束的路径选择决策综合评价...     

应急物资调运的动态协同决策优化建模仿真

为有效解决应急物资调运决策问题,提高应急物资利用率。总结应急物资调运基本流程、管理方法及存在问题,分析应急物资调运系统动静态资源、灾害分布及优先级等因素,借鉴动态调配 Multi Agent方法研究应急救援保障部门间协同作用,对应急物资调运系统供需路径与救援时效进行分析,构建应急物资调运系统高效、及时、低成本的动态调度模型,同时基于多源时间最短路径问题以及Floyd Warshall算法对模型进行求解仿真,得出应急物资最优调运路径和参与调配储存点组合。结果表明:动态调运决策模型可从备选集合中快速搜索应急调运所需最佳方案,能为应急救援提供更加可靠的保障。     

A Routing and Scheduling System for Infectious Waste Collection

Most hospitals and clinics in Taiwan do not have on-site treatment facilities for their infectious waste and must rely on outside agencies for their collection and treatment. The problem of optimally routing and scheduling the collection of medical waste from a disperse group of facilities is recognized as a periodic vehicle routing problem. This study develops a computer system to solve the resulting optimization problem based on a two-phased approach proposed earlier. The first phase solves a standard vehicle routing problem to determine a set of individual routes for the collection vehicles. The second phase uses a mixed integer programming method to assign routes to particular days of the week. The computer system is user-friendly and consists of several Visual Basic programs while the geographical information system is incorporated to facilitate input and output interface and database management. An illustrative example for the infectious waste of 348 hospitals in the Tainan City area demonstrates the effectiveness of the system.     

Uptake of carbamazepine by cucumber plants--a case study related to irrigation with reclaimed wastewater

Reclaimed wastewater is an important source of irrigation in semiarid and arid zones. Here we report data on carbamazepine (CBZ) uptake by cucumber plants in hydroponic culture and greenhouse experiments using different soil types irrigated with fresh water or reclaimed wastewater. Data obtained from the hydroponic culture experiments suggest that CBZ is mainly translocated by water mass flow, and thus it is concentrated and accumulated to the largest extent in the mature/older leaves. Carbamazepine concentration in cucumber fruits and leaves was negatively correlated with soil organic matter content. The concentrations of CBZ in the roots and stems were relatively low, and most CBZ in the plant (76-84% of total uptake) was detected in the leaves. A greenhouse experiment using fresh water and reclaimed wastewater spiked, or not, with CBZ at 1 μg L⁻¹ (typical concentration in effluents) revealed that CBZ can be taken up and bioaccumulated from its background concentration in reclaimed wastewater. Bioaccumulation factor (calculated as the ratio of CBZ concentration in the plant to that in the soil solution) for the fruits (0.8-1) was significantly lower than the value calculated for the leaves (17-20).This study emphasizes the potential uptake of active pharmaceutical compounds by crops in organic-matter-poor soils irrigated with reclaimed wastewater and highlights the potential risks associated with this agricultural practice.     

Arsenic contamination of soils and agricultural plants through irrigation water in Nepal

This study monitored the influence of arsenic-contaminated irrigation water on alkaline soils and arsenic uptake in agricultural plants at field level. The arsenic concentrations in irrigation water ranges from <0.005 to 1.014 mg L(-1) where the arsenic concentrations in the soils were measured from 6.1 to 16.7 mg As kg(-1). The arsenic content in different parts of plants are found in the order of roots>shoots>leaves>edible parts. The mean arsenic content of edible plant material (dry weight) were found in the order of onion leaves (0.55 mg As kg(-1))>onion bulb (0.45 mg As kg(-1))>cauliflower (0.33 mg As kg(-1))>rice (0.18 mg As kg(-1))>brinjal (0.09 mg As kg(-1))>potato (<0.01 mg As kg(-1)).     

Minimal models and agroecological policy at the regional scale: An application to salinity problems in southeastern Australia

A minimal dynamical systems model that couples agricultural activity, native vegetation, and hydrological processes is developed to explore policy options regarding regional-scale soil and water salinization in southeastern Australia. The analysis suggests that although considerable revegetation is required to restore catchment water balance, the current value of water in uses other than agriculture is too low for revegetation to be economically viable. In contrast, groundwater pumping generates significant short-term gains by preventing soil salinization but is not a viable long-term solution. Thus, effective salinity management policy must include mechanisms to increase the value of water in uses other than irrigated agriculture to achieve sufficient long-term revegetation. These results are robust over a wide range of parameter values and thus provide a basis for policy action in the face of uncertainty about groundwater flow characteristics.     

Is small hydropower beautiful? Social impacts of river fragmentation in China’s Red River Basin

Small hydropower (SHP) is promoted as a pro-poor renewable energy source that does not have the negative social impacts of large dams. This article challenges these claims, using data from a household survey in China’s upper Red River Basin. We find that SHP can fragment river systems in ways that reduce irrigation water availability, provoke changes to agricultural practices, and negatively impact river health. These social impacts of river fragmentation mainly occur in villages situated between a plant’s intake and outflow. The frequency of plant water diversions due to continued generation in the dry season significantly predicts all social impacts; installed capacity of the plant and the quality of the village’s irrigation infrastructure predict some impacts. Villages with strong local governance can negotiate with the plant to temporarily halt generation when irrigation water is needed, lessening social impacts. Our findings reveal that SHP plants are not as benign as they are made out to be; they must be built and managed according to community needs.     

Present situation of wastewater treatment in the Iranian industrial estates: Recycle and reuse as a solution for achieving goals of eco-industrial parks

Iran is located in arid and semi-arid region, which means water resource management is a strategic issue for this country. Water scarcity is one of the most critical concerns of industrial estates in Iran. For this reason, recycling and reusing of treated wastewater is the most practical solution for compensating of water shortage in industrial estates. Currently, only 20% of total treated wastewater is used for irrigation and almost 0.81% is consumed for industrial purpose. This study presents an overview on the wastewater management at the Iranian industrial estates for the purpose of achieving the goal of eco-industrial parks by describing the present situation and discussing the experiences of wastewater reuse systems for irrigation and industrial purposes. The aims of this study was to provide an overview of the wastewater management at the industrial estates in Iran towards achieving eco-industrial parks by describing present states and the outcome of wastewater consumption for irrigation and industrial purposes.     

大型环境地理信息系统的改进设计与实现研究

构建大型环境地理信息系统在提高环境保护的智能性方面具有重要意义,提出基于嵌入式ARM的大型环境地理信息系统设计方法.系统分为环境地理信息采集层、信息管理控制层和信息输出层,采用多线程的套接字技术进行环境信息过滤,采用TCP/IP以太网技术构建大型环境地理信息管理的信息资源共享模块,在云计算环境中进行地理信息的在线查询和资源调度.以嵌入式ARM9TDMI为内核微处理器,实现大型环境地理信息系统的软件开发,用ARM片上控制器来完成地理信息系统的读写和数据访问操作.系统测试结果表明,设计的大型环境地理信息系统对环境地理信息存储和调度的吞吐性能较好,数据输出的误码较低,信息系统具有很好的人工智能性.