苏州河东段陆岸地区规划设想

以上海市城市总体规划为依托，本着环境与经济协调发展的原则，论述了苏州河东段沿地区规划的设想，包括阶段目标和区域功能结构的确定，重点分析了苏州河东段沿线地区的历史和现状，并对其主要功能及空间环境的创造提出了规划意见。     

苏州河浮游植物群落结构特征

以正在生态恢复进行中的苏州河水体为研究对象,共设黄渡、华漕、北新泾、武宁路桥、长寿路桥和浙江路桥6个采样点,从2000年10月至2002年10月间按春、夏、秋、冬进行了9次采样,另外,在黄渡、华漕和武宁路桥于2002年的5月和6月增加了5次采样,对苏州河浮游植物群落的种类组成和数量特征进行了调查研究,结果表明：苏州河浮游植物的平均个体数达到了 4.7×10⁶ ind/L,细胞密度平均值为 10.2×10⁶ ind/L,生物量均值为 5.73 mg/L。苏州河浮游植物群落结构的定性和定量组分表达均显示绿藻优势,其密度和生物量分别为 5.774 ind/μL 和 2.159 mg/L;属数、种数和生物量结构以硅藻次之。生物量、个体数与细胞数的Shannon Weaver指数均值分别为3.05、3.22和3.28;生物量、个体数与细胞数的Pielou均匀度指数均值则分别为0.73、0.76和0.77,Margalef和Simposon指数均值分别为1.59和0.84.     

River use profile of the Central Niger Delta based on traditional eco-livelihood knowledge (TELK)

The Central Niger Delta is made up of a network of rivers and creeks that constitute the inland surface waters. These surface waters have historically influenced settlement patterns and are of diverse use to residents of the Central Niger Delta. Surface water like many ecological system are complex, whose complexity has been associated with seasonal variability. Traditional knowledge (TK), traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and the traditional eco-livelihood knowledge (TELK) of residents of four rural communities in the Central Niger Delta have been explored in developing a river use profile of rural communities of the Central Niger Delta. A questionnaire survey has been carried out in four communities, two each from the Otuoke and Kolo Creeks. The result shows that river use varies across seasons and affected by: physico-chemical water quality and characteristics of surface water; the hydrological characteristics; the biological/ecological characteristics; cultural use and demand; need for development projects; and access to this vital resource. Fishing constitute one of the major livelihood source in the Central Niger Delta and the TELK of fishers in the sample communities have specifically been explored to understanding fishing patterns across seasons. The five seasons identified from this study are: flood season; flood recession season; dry season; early rainy season; and rainy season. Therefore, the thesis of this paper is that there is the need to balance the current usage of surface water in the developing world such as the Central Niger Delta with the demand for development as well as future use if development is to meet the criteria for equitable development. The river use profile could be a promising tool in planning for equitable development.

苏州河武宁路断面底泥需氧量的测定

对苏州河武宁路断面的底泥需氧量（SOD）进行了测定。结果表明，综合调水工程后，SOD首先经历了一个显著上升的过程，随后开始逐步下降，目前还处于不断变化的过程。其中，上覆水体的流态对SOD的影响很大；另外，随着水质改善，生物耗氧的权重可能还会增加。     

苏州河6支流截污工程的优化调整

苏州河6交流截污工程是苏州河环境综合整治一期工程中最重要的治水工程之一。在工程进一步设计与实施过程中，根据多次污染源调查的结果，提出了按水系截污、沿河截污与区域截污相结合、雨水泵站旱流污水截污的3项原则，对苏州河6交流截污工程进行了优化调整，使截污效果得到大幅度的提高。实际纳管污染源数量由原计划的820个增加到2977个，实际截除污水量由原计划的6．8万m^3／d增加到26万m^3／d，6交流区域的截污率由22％提高到85％以上，6条主要交流的平均污水截除率接近70％，其他一些主要交流污水截除率也达到90％以上。     

苏州河底栖动物群落恢复过程动态研究

2000年10月至2003年4月,对苏州河8个采样点的底栖动物群落恢复状况的调查结果表明,苏州河底栖动物群落优势种主要为铜锈环棱螺、梨形环棱螺、中华颤蚓和霍甫水丝蚓,种类数比1999年有所增加,但仍以耐污种为主。对不同水体间生态环境的对比分析表明,底栖动物群落结构与水体污染程度之间具有较强的相关性,由此建立了底栖动物恢复指数,该指数可以客观地指示底栖动物群落恢复的动态过程。结合历史资料研究显示,苏州河底栖动物恢复指数呈持续上升趋势,恢复迹象比较明显。     

彭越浦苏州河河口底泥沉积特征与意义

在对彭越浦-东茭泾河道污染底泥分布的调查过程中，发现大部分河道底泥的垂直分布与苏州河及其支流大多数河道的底泥分布一致。而彭越浦交通路桥到中山北路桥段的河道底泥，却出现了特有的垂向分布。这种河道底泥从垂向上，其表层污染物含量较低，接近河道自然底泥的背景值。它是由于苏州河河水流入彭越浦，流速降低而形成的拥水沉积，其形成与彭越浦及苏州河的水文条件密切相关。这种特殊的河道底泥的发现，为苏州河支流及类似河道的治理提供了新思路。     

上海城市河流生态系统服务的支付意愿

条件价值评估法(CVM)是推导环境资源生态系统服务的支付意愿的标准方法之一.以全国城市河流整治的样板工程--上海浦东张家浜为例,采用支付卡式CVM研究方法,对该城市河流生态系统服务的支付意愿进行了分析.共发放支付卡式CVM问卷800份,回收有效问卷646份.获得张家浜生态系统服务的平均支付意愿为195.07～253.04元/(a·户),将研究结果与国内外部分研究进行了比较.讨论了支付意愿的分布形态和范围,对支付意愿与受访者个人社会经济变量(收入、学历、捐款经历和环境态度等)的回归关系进行了较为详细的分析,并对回归结论进行了环境经济学解释.对支付卡式CVM研究中导致支付意愿产生偏差的部分原因作了一定讨论.最后提出了用CVM推导支付意愿的研究方法面对的批评和争议以及CVM研究结论可靠性的环境决策依据.     

Coupling PCSWMM and WASP to Evaluate Green Stormwater Infrastructure Impacts to Storm Sediment Loads in an Urban Watershed

We coupled rainfall–runoff and instream water quality models to evaluate total suspended solids (TSS) in Wissahickon Creek, a mid‐sized urban stream near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Using stormwater runoff and instream field data, we calibrated the model at a subdaily scale and focused on storm responses. We demonstrate that treating event mean concentrations as a calibration parameter rather than a fixed input can substantially improve model performance. Urban stormwater TSS concentrations vary widely in time and space and are difficult to represent simply. Suspended and deposited sediment pose independent stressors to stream biota and model results suggest that both currently impair stream health in Wissahickon Creek. Retrofitting existing detention basins to prioritize infiltration reduced instream TSS loads by 20%, suggesting that infiltration mitigates sediment more effectively than detention. Infiltrating stormwater from 30% of the watershed reduced instream TSS loads by 47% and cut the frequency of TSS exceeding 100 mg/L by half. Settled loads and the frequency of high TSS values were reduced by a smaller fraction than suspended loads and duration at high TSS values. A widely distributed network of infiltration‐focused projects is an effective stormwater management strategy to mitigate sediment stress. Coupling rainfall–runoff and water quality models is an important way to integrate watershed‐wide impacts and evaluate how management directly affects urban stream health.     

PROJECTION OF URBANIZATION EFFECTS ON RUNOFF USING CLARK INSTANTANEOUS UNIT HYDROGRAPH PARAMETERS1

ABSTRACT: To alleviate serious flooding problems brought upon by rapid urbanization in the Beargrass Creek watershed, located in Louisville, Kentucky, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers undertook a major flood study in 1973. In order to predict flood conditions in 1990, the year when the watershed was expected to undergo complete urbanization, trends in the Clark Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (Clark IUH) parameters were utilized to determine the 1990 unit hydrograph and flood conditions. Based on the results from this flood study, this paper demonstrates the applicability of using projected Clark IUH parameters for modeling future runoff conditions in an urbanizing watershed. Values of these parameters, as estimated from maximum annual historical flood data, are used to develop regression models for predicting future Clark IUH parameters. Using the projected parameters, selected annual flood events since 1973 are simulated in order to verify the accuracy of these projections. Results show a close correspondence between the simulated and observed flood characteristics. Hence, the use of projected Clark IUH parameters is an appropriate procedure for modeling future runoff conditions in an urbanizing watershed.