Speciative determination of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) in dyeing waste water of Dil Creek discharge to Izmit Gulf (Izmit-Kocaeli, Turkey) by ICP-AES

Wastewater pollution in industrial areas is one of the most important environmental problems. Heavy metal pollution, especially chromium pollution in wastewater sources from dyeing and tannery has affected the life on earth. This pollution can affect all ecosystems and human health directly or by food chain. Therefore, the determination of chromium in this study is of great importance. Dil Creek is located in the eastern Marmara region and discharges into the Izmit Gulf. This water source is used for irrigation in agriculture and as drinking water for animals. In this study, a rapid, sensitive and selective method for the speciative direct determination of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) in dyeing waste water samples collected from the nearest station to Izmit Gulf of Dil Creek in May 2006 by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) has been developed. An analysis of a given sample is completed in about 15 min for ICP-AES the method. As the result of the chromium analysis, the limit of quantification (LOQ) for the Cr (III), Cr (VI) and total Cr were founded as 0.0111 ± 0.0002 mg/l (RSD, 1.80%), 0.0592 ± 0.0010 mg/l (RSD, 1.70%) and 0.0703 ± 0.0020 mg/l (RSD, 2.84%) respectively. In addition, the general mathematical formula has been developed to calculate the concentration of Cr(III), which can be applied to any other metal species. The result of Cr (VI) analysis indicated that water quality of Creek was IV. class quality according to the inland water classification. In order to validate the applied method, recovery studies were performed.     

苏州河上海市区段表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布及特征

参照美国EPA8000系列方法、质量保证和质量控制,对苏州河上海市区段的表层沉积物中16种优控多环芳烃类有机物(PAHs)进行了分析.结果表明,苏州河上海市区段的表层沉积物均受到了很大程度的污染,其中处于市区中段的昌化路桥、西康路桥和长寿路桥断面的PAHs含量较高,处于黄浦江入口附近的四川路桥、河南路桥和福建路桥断面的含量较低.同时发现,近十几年来苏州河沉积物中的PAHs含量和成分发生了一定的变化,对其原因作了初步探讨.     

Lagrangian Sampling for Emerging Contaminants Through an Urban Stream Corridor in Colorado1

Abstract: Recent national concerns regarding the environmental occurrence of emerging contaminants (ECs) have catalyzed a series of recent studies. Many ECs are released into the environment through discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and other sources. In 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey and the City of Longmont initiated an investigation of selected ECs in a 13.8‐km reach of St. Vrain Creek, Colorado. Seven sites were sampled for ECs following a Lagrangian design; sites were located upstream, downstream, and in the outfall of the Longmont WWTP, and at the mouths of two tributaries, Left Hand Creek and Boulder Creek (which is influenced by multiple WWTP outfalls). Samples for 61 ECs in 16 chemical use categories were analyzed and 36 were detected in one or more samples. Of these, 16 have known or suspected endocrine‐disrupting potential. At and downstream from the WWTP outfall, detergent metabolites, fire retardants, and steroids were detected at the highest concentrations, which commonly exceeded 1 μg/l in 2005 and 2 μg/l in 2006. Most individual ECs were measured at concentrations less than 2 μg/l. The results indicate that outfalls from WWTPs are the largest but may not be the sole source of ECs in St. Vrain Creek. In 2005, high discharge was associated with fewer EC detections, lower total EC concentrations, and smaller EC loads in St. Vrain Creek and its tributaries as compared with 2006. EC behavior differed by individual compound, and some differences between sites could be attributed to analytical variability or to other factors such as physical or chemical characteristics or distance from contributing sources. Loads of some ECs, such as diethoxynonylphenol, accumulated or attenuated depending on location, discharge, and distance downstream from the WWTP, whereas others, such as bisphenol A, were largely conservative. The extent to which ECs in St. Vrain Creek affect native fish species and macroinvertebrate communities is unknown, but recent studies have shown that fish respond to very low concentrations of ECs, and further study on the fate and transport of these contaminants in the aquatic environment is warranted.     

Elements Influencing Cost Allocation in the Pinal Creek Aquifer,Arizona, USA: An Introduction and Synopsis of Findings

This article provides context for the ensuing three-part study published in this volume that describes quantitative allocation of mass metal loading to the 20 km groundwater plume in the Pinal Creek alluvial aquifer. The plume resulted from >75 years of copper ore leaching by ferric sulfate and sulfuric acid in the Globe-Miami mining district, Arizona. Geochemical fingerprinting, followed by spatial and temporal analysis of Pinal Creek monitoring well data, identified three distinct source areas and plumes. Each exhibited a unique chlorine-copper-iron chemical signature that resulted from differences in process geochemistry, ore mineralogy, and solution handling. As the acid plume advanced, carbonate buffering capacity was consumed, with concomitant precipitation of metal oxyhydroxides that evolved into acid-bearing aluminum and iron cements. Column experiments, geochemical modeling, and empirical data indicate that dissolution of the residual acidic precipitates will result in asymptotic reductions in metal concentrations, which will affect response costs for up to 140 years after initiation of remedial pumping in the late 1980s. Finally, metal loading to the alluvial aquifer was quantified for each source area using Darcy's Law or flow data combined with the sum of aluminum, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc, which constitute >99% of the total metal mass. Based on this analysis, to date Webster Gulch contributed 94% of the loading, Upper Bloody Tanks Wash contributed 5%, and the Miami Unit contributed 1%. A sensitivity analysis that varied all parameters in the loading calculation by ±20% resulted in only small differences in allocation (±1%) because the large mass released from Webster Gulch (618 kt of metal) dominates the overall allocation.     

苏州河大型底栖动物群落结构变化

2005年4月至12月,对苏州河4个断面大型底栖动物群落密度、生物量、多样性指数以及优势种组成进行调查,并与1999年、2001年和2003年的调查数据相比较,探讨苏州河底栖动物群落结构的变化。结果表明:苏州河底栖动物种数从2001年最多的14种降至2005年最少的8种;平均密度由1999年最高值34 445.1 m-2降至2001年最低值3 746.6 m-2,其后又上升至2005年的22 770.8 m-2;生物量由1999年最高值285.33 g.m-2降至2005年最低值31.78 g.m-2;Shannon-W iener多样性指数平均值则由2001年最高值1.20降至2003年最低值0.49;P ielou均匀性指数由2001年的0.67降至2003年的0.40。赵屯、黄渡断面优势种从1999年、2001年的铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)变为2003年、2005年的霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffm eisteri),而北新泾、浙江路桥断面优势种未发生变化。根据苏州河底栖动物群落结构变化,将苏州河底栖动物群落的恢复划分为2个阶段:1999年、2001年苏州河底栖动物恢复较快,2003年、2005年恢复较缓。     

环境因素对苏州河市区段底泥内源磷释放的影响

以苏州河市区段作为研究对象，利用实验模拟的方法，研究和探讨了环境因素(温度，pH，厌氧、好氧，微生物)对富含有机物的底泥内源磷释放的影响。结果表明：(1)在外界环境温度分别为5、10、15、25℃的条件下，底泥内源磷释放达到动态平衡时，上覆水中磷的含量分别为0．45、0．57、0．77、1．40mg／L，反映较低的环境温度不利于内源磷的释放；环境温度的升高，能够加速底泥磷的释放；(2)pH为5．0—8．0，底泥内源磷释放量较小；当pH升至11．0时，底泥的释磷量显著增加。(3)底泥中的有机物，在好氧状态下，能加速其内源磷的释放。(4)在微生物的作用下，底泥内源磷释放具有明显的增加趋势。     

苏州河水环境污染现状分析

根据水文、水质和污染调查结果，分析了苏州河水质和污染现状和综合环境质量，提出了影响苏州河水的８项主要环境问题；严重的有机污染；底泥对水质的污染；支流对干流的污染；上游来水水质；合流污水系统的溢流；河道不利的水动力条件；航运影响；沿岸景观和陆域布局不合理等。根据这些分析，作者从苏州河的功能定位和治理目标出发，提出了苏州河水环境综合整治的原则设想。     

苏州河生态恢复初期自净能力的综合评估方法

利用苏州河水的化学及生物学参数,以及水样对几种添加化学品的降解延滞期及降解率,综合评估了水体自净能力,并探讨了苏州河生态恢复初期自净能力的评估方法。对比2008年上、下游水样对醋酸钠、苯酚、苯胺、二甘醇、乙二醇、三聚乙醛等6种化学品的降解情况,比较分析了2006年及2008年两年度间苏州河自净能力的变化。相对2006年而言,2008年水体的氧化还原电位急剧下降,上、下游水体对化学品降解能力整体减弱,三聚乙醛降解能力的减弱尤为明显,降解率从2006年的77.82%和88.73%降至2008年的35.83%和65.86%。在外部有机物输入量无明显变化的情况下,上游的好氧异养菌数由2006年的4.7×104CFU/mL降为2008年的2.2×103CFU/mL。2008年苏州河上游水体对化学品(二甘醇除外)降解能力较下游水体更弱,且延滞期长。与2006年相比,2008年苏州河水体的自净能力整体减弱,上游水体自净能力的损失更为明显。     

关于菹藻浜水环境污染的调查研究与思考

菹藻浜是位于上海市北部宝山区境内最重要的骨干河道,作为苏州河的主要支流,菹藻浜由于长期承担调水排污功能而水质污染较为严重。针对蕴藻浜流域的水环境污染问题,通过实地调查、污染源普查结果和环境监测数据等多源调查研究,揭示蕴藻浜水环境的污染现状并提出相应的水污染治理建议。     

River environmental decision support system development for Suzhou Creek in Shanghai

The Suzhou Creek Rehabilitation Project (SCRP) is one of the largest water-related environmental rehabilitation schemes ever undertaken in the vicinity of Shanghai, China. This paper details the development and application of a River Environmental Decision Support System (REDSS) for scientific planning and decision-making on the Suzhou Creek project, and illustrates the flexibility of the REDSS framework. We developed the following components: (1) a GIS-based analysis employing Component technology; (2) a "data mart" for multi-dimensional, multi-level, integrated, dynamic, and flexible data querying; and (3) a set of hydrodynamic and water quality models which can simulate complex tidal river networks. In addition, we detail how a water quality assessment model is embedded into the REDSS by employing an Identification Index Method. With the REDSS, all GIS and non-GIS components are integrated seamlessly and data from different sources can be queried simultaneously. This allows for various scenarios to be simulated and analyzed in advance to predict and assess the effects of proposed engineering and management measures. Generated information can thus support effective decisions. All operations of the REDSS can be implemented conveniently through user-friendly interfaces. The function of the REDSS framework is demonstrated through an application to Suzhou Creek. Because the REDSS characteristics are quite general, it may be applied in different geographic regions.