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41.
Marco Ferretti Enrico Cenni Filippo Bussotti Paolo Batistoni 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(4):213-228
Lead and cadmium concentrations in spontaneous vegetation and in soil sampled at various distances (0–208 m) from several motorways throughout Italy were measured. Lead and cadmium concentrations appear to be correlated to distance from the motorway and to traffic levels. A comparison with data from a remote and unpolluted site shows that foliar lead concentrations can be up to 40 times higher, and foliar cadmium concentrations up to 3 times higher. Plants behave differently in their accumulation of lead and cadmium; conifers present the highest levels. Also the various receptors and compartments of the roadside ecosystem differ in their accumulation of lead and cadmium; soil and bark have consistently higher concentrations, while the leaves and twigs of trees have consistently lower levels. the data recorded by ad hoc introduced bio-accumulating plants (Lolium multiflorum L.) are consistent with those of the spontaneous vegetation. the concentrations of both lead and cadmium in Lolium vary from June to November, following in part the fluctuation in traffic density. 相似文献
42.
The focus of the present study was to assess the ozone levels in a typical area of the Mediterranean basin, viz. Tuscany (central Italy). Eighty-thousand hourly mean ozone concentrations were recorded by 10 automatic analysers in the districts of Florence, Pisa, Lucca and Prato, from May to September 1995 to 1997. The highest daily mean concentrations were reached in Florence, with a maximum hourly average of 197 ppb. In Lucca and Pisa, the peaks were close to 100 ppb. Data from Prato were much lower. Long-term critical levels for vegetation, as set by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), were constantly exceeded in Florence and Pisa, occasionally in Lucca, never in Prato. The results were used to fit exposure/yield response relationships proposed by UNECE and US National Crop Loss Assessment Network for some important crops. The estimated yield losses varied in Florence from 8% for corn and alfalfa to 27% for soybean, in Pisa from 5% for corn to 24% for soybean, in Lucca from 3% for corn to 17% for soybean. A preliminary economic estimate for corn, wheat, barley, soybean, tomato and alfalfa, calculated annual damage to be 4.6 M Euro in Florence, 0.5 M Euro in Lucca and 3 M Euro in Pisa. The picture must be regarded as only partial, as exposure/yield response relationships for important Italian crops (such as grapevine and vegetables) are not available. 相似文献
43.
Helen Rendell 《Environmental management》1985,9(4):289-301
In this study, the damage caused to one small hilltop town by the southern Italian earthquake of November 1980 is considered in detail. Tricarico, although peripheral to the epicenter zone, was gravely damaged. The distribution of damaged properties within the historic center of the town is described and analyzed. The geological and socioeconomic factors contributing to the pattern of damage are discussed and the problems associated with reconstruction are considered. 相似文献
44.
Stuart Oliver 《Environmental management》1993,17(4):433-444
The geology, relief, neotectonics, climate, and vegetation of Basilicata make the region vulnerable to landslides, but the
number of reported landslides in the region has increased over recent centuries, and this has been interpreted as a result
of changes in land use. This interpretation is confirmed by documentary evidence presented in this article (concentrating
on the example of the town of Grassano, where urban landslides are an almost exclusively 20th-century phenomenon), which shows
the increase in landslides to have been real, rapid, and caused by humankind. 相似文献
45.
B. De Martis M. A. de Miranda Restivo A. Mocci Demartis E. Serra 《Environmental management》1992,16(3):381-388
Capoterra Pond in southern Sardinia is described and analyzed with respect to its morphological, meteorological, physical
and chemical characteristics, and its zoobenthic, zooplankton, and phytoplankton biocenoses. The birdlife, flora, and riparian
associations of vegetation are studied in order to draw international attention to the importance of this lagoon, the precariousness
of its ecosystem, the seriousness of current attempts to destabilize it, and the need to encourage the Sardinian authorities
to initiate conservation measures, especially as rare birds have found their niches there. 相似文献
46.
Bari A Rosso A Minciardi MR Troiani F Piervittori R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,69(3):205-220
Lichens explants and airborne particulates were analysed for Cr, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Fe, Mn and Cu content in a rural site in the province of Vercelli (Piedmont, N. Italy). Thalliof the fruticose lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea were collected from an uncontaminated area and exposed for one yearusing two different techniques. Particulates were collected using a continuously operating particulate sampler set up nearthe lichens explanted throughout the experiment survey.The results confirm both the importance of assessing contamination in rural areas corroborated by the analysis of the presence of the heavy metals in particulates in relationto the main wind directions and the validity of this lichen asbiomonitor of airborne metal pollution, although meaningfuldifferences were pointed out between the two different techniques of exposure. The significant correlation between most of the metals accumulated by lichens and the metal air concentrations shows a good evidence of their ability to represent atmospheric contamination. 相似文献
47.
Massimiliano Agovino Antonio Garofalo Angela Mariani 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2018,61(9):1487-1510
Separate waste collection in Italy comes under the responsibility of local authorities, provinces, while national laws set quantitative targets to be achieved over time. Overall, just a few provinces have reached the thresholds set by the latest law (Legislative Decree 152/2006) and some territorial differentiation has been detected. The aim of this paper is twofold: to verify the effectiveness of Legislative Decree 152/2006 in promoting higher levels of separate collection and to test whether institutional quality (considering the following indicators: voice and accountability, regulatory quality, rule of law and corruption) affects provinces’ efficiency in the separate collection process. For this purpose, we implement the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). Results suggest that the effectiveness of Legislative Decree 152/2006 has been affected by provinces’ institutional quality. In particular, the presence of institutional constraints did not allow the most virtuous provinces to achieve the targets set by law. 相似文献
48.
Using Fallout Lead-210 Measurements to Estimate Soil Erosion in Three Small Catchments in Southern Italy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Paolo Porto Des E. Walling Giovanni Callegari Francesco Catona 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(5-6):657-667
Soil erosion and associated off-site environmental impacts have attracted increasing attention in recent decades, and there
is a growing need for reliable information on rates of soil loss. The potential for using 137Cs fallout to quantify rates and patterns of soil redistribution over medium-term timescales (ca. 45 years) has been successfully
demonstrated in a wide range of environments around the world. The similar behaviour of fallout 210Pb in soils offers potential for its use as an alternative to 137Cs, in areas where 137Cs inventories are low or are complicated by additional fallout from the Chernobyl accident. There have, however, to date
been few attempts to validate the use of fallout 210Pb measurements for assessing erosion rates. This paper reports an attempt to explore the use of fallout 210Pb to estimate rates of water-induced soil erosion on uncultivated land. It focuses on three small forest/rangeland catchments
located in Calabria, southern Italy, for which measurements of sediment output are available. Comparison of the estimates
of net soil loss from the catchments derived from 210Pb measurements with the measured sediment output, confirmed the validity of the 210Pb approach. The soil redistribution rates estimated using 210Pb measurements were also consistent with equivalent estimates obtained for the same study catchments using 137Cs measurements. 相似文献
49.
The Interuniversity Consortium, Chemistry for the Environment (INCA), was founded in Venice in October 1993. It groups about thirty Italian universities and relies on the research contributions
of chemists having different specialities (environmental, physical-chemical, organic, inorganic, analytic, industrial and
biochemical), together with researchers coming from other disciplines engaged in environmental research. Consortium INCA has
its administrative offices in Venice. 相似文献
50.
Giovanni Santopuoli Francesca Ferranti Marco Marchetti 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2016,18(2):177-196
The study explored the sub-national implementation of the Pan-European Criteria and Indicators (C&I) for Sustainable Forest Management in Italy, based on the statistical analysis of answers to a questionnaire provided by representatives of the Italian sub-national forest administrations. The questionnaire explored the implementation of C&I in five applications and through the analytical lenses of ‘suitability of C&I to sub-national contexts’ and ‘adaptability of administrations to C&I’. The analysis of suitability and adaptability made it possible to identify and compare challenges in, and successful experiences with, the implementation of C&I, which were then used to formulate recommendations aimed at encouraging implementation and promoting academic and policy debate. The study reveals that C&I were implemented to a moderate extent. This level of implementation was determined most of all by the suitability of C&I to the Italian sub-national contexts, and less by the adaptability of administrations. Recommendations to foster implementation of and dialogue on C&I include the need for Italian sub-national administrations to transpose the Pan-European C&I into sub-national sets tailored to local circumstances by, for example, modifying existing C&I or integrating these into new customized indicator sets. 相似文献