长江沿江地区发展态势评估与分类

区域发展是城市化与工业化进程中需要解决的重大理论与实际问题,评估区域发展态势是进一步研究区域发展前景的基础。基于区域可持续发展理论,从区域发展水平与发展成本的辩证关系出发,以长江沿江产业带40个地级城市为基本评价单元,选取标识发展水平和发展成本最重要的指标,构建了基于“经济-社会-资源-环境”的复合指标体系。在综合评价长江沿江地区经济社会发展水平和资源环境发展成本的基础上,依据二维判别矩阵,将长江沿江地区划分为高发展高成本区、高发展低成本区、低发展高成本区和低发展低成本区等4种类型区,并针对不同类型区域,分别从产业发展、生态保护、区域协调等方面提出了相应的发展政策和措施,为长江沿江地区新一轮的区域发展提供依据     

西北干旱区植被恢复的土壤养分效应

通过对西北干旱区植被恢复过程中不同退耕模式下土壤养分的变化、土壤各养分的时空分布及各养分间的相关性分析,系统研究了干旱区植被恢复过程中土壤环境变化特征和规律。结果表明,在西北干旱区,进行植被恢复能明显改善土壤肥力状况,但不同植被恢复方式对土壤的腐殖化作用差异显著,依次为侧柏＋灌木＋苜蓿〉侧柏＋苜蓿〉侧柏＋灌木〉侧柏,而且随着植被恢复年限的持续,土壤中各养分质量分数明显增加。不同养分对植被恢复的响应程度从高到低表现为：速效磷〉速效氮〉速效钾〉全氮〉有机质〉全磷〉全钾。同时,相关性分析表明,土壤有机质的变化与全氮、速效氮呈现出显著的相关性,R2为0.867和0794,并且各养分具有明显的表聚性,尤以有机质、速效磷和速效氮表现明显。     

干旱半干旱地区的干旱指数分析

利用降水距平百分率建立了干旱指数方程，可用于于旱半干旱地区的干旱监测，并对１９８９年北疆的干旱和乌鲁木齐历年的干湿期进行了计算和分析，取得了较好的结果。     

中国西北地区工业园水资源高效利用系统研究

以西北地区某工业园为研究载体,从水资源高效利用系统构建出发,研究工业园水资源高效利用及优化调控系统模型的建立,提出适应当地资源环境特征的“分质处理-多级回用”水资源高效循环利用体系,打造水资源闭路循环经济链,有利于当地工业园区的生态化转型及可持续发展.     

西北干旱区黄河沿岸典型工业带表土磁性特征及其环境意义

对西北干旱区黄河沿岸典型工业带中两个工业城市乌海和石嘴山表土样品进行了系统的环境磁学参数的测量,分析了表土磁性矿物的含量、种类、颗粒大小,并对其环境指示意义进行研究.结果表明,表土的磁性矿物以假单畴-多畴磁铁矿为主.磁性矿物的浓度和颗粒大小在不同功能区表现出一定的差异,工业区表土磁性矿物的浓度最高,颗粒最粗,农业区次之,原煤区浓度最低,颗粒最细.环境磁学监测手段对于因化石燃料燃烧而造成的污染指示较为敏感,而对未经燃烧原料的污染指示作用并不显著.χlf、SIRM、SOFT是指示城市土壤污染状况的有效指标,环境磁学方法是监测和评价城市土壤污染状况的一种重要手段.     

发达国家和地区生态环境监测发展经历对中国的启示

新形势下,中国生态环境监测面临新任务和新挑战,迫切需要明确发展思路和方向。因此,从环境监测管理体系、业务体系、标准方法体系等方面,举例浅析了美国、欧盟等发达国家和地区环境监测业务的发展现状,并从法制建设、体系优化、方法标准等方面对比分析了中国与发达国家和地区的差异及不足,总结归纳了适用于中国国情的先进经验与启示。在此基础上,初步研判了当前和今后一段时期中国生态环境监测的发展方向,并提出了相关建议,为加快推动实现中国生态环境监测的跨越式发展提供参考和借鉴。     

典型脆弱生态区的稳定性与可持续农业发展

本文利用分形理论对脆弱生态区的稳定性进行了定量分析 ,并据此指出了脆弱生态区农业可持续发展的限制性因素。最后以内蒙古翁牛特旗为例 ,提出了其农业可持续发展的合理化建议。     

Community-scale analysis of the farmland abandonment occurrence process in the mountain region of Ladakh,India

Farmland abandonment has been a significant issue in mountain regions. Thus, many studies have attempted to uncover its driving factors. Most existing studies take a large- or meso-scale view of mountain regions, and there are a few studies that provide community-level analysis. Therefore, it is unclear how ecological and sociopolitical factors are actually combined to influence farmland abandonment at a community level. Thus, we conducted a field survey in the mountain village of Ladakh, northern India, beginning in 2009 and tried to understand the farmland abandonment occurrence process from the viewpoint of traditional altitudinal models of land use. Using data collected during the survey, a relationship between altitude and farmland abandonment was established. However, this relationship was complex, combining traditional forms of land use system in the village. The altitudinal model of land use was very common in mountain regions; thus, discussions of current land use issues should be based on an understanding of such traditional altitudinal systems.     

Correspondence between spatial patterns in fish assemblages in ohio streams and aquatic ecoregions

Land classification systems can be useful for assessing aquatic ecosystems if relationships among them exist. Because the character of an aquatic ecosystem depends to a large extent upon the character of the landscape it drains, spatial patterns in aquatic ecosystems should correspond to patterns in the landscape. To test this hypothesis, the US state of Ohio was divided into four aquatic ecoregions based on an analysis of spatial patterns in the combination of land-surface form, land use, potential natural vegetation, and soil parent material. During the period July–October 1983, fish assemblages were sampled in 46 streams that were representative of the ecoregions, and that had watersheds relatively undisturbed by human activities. Spatial patterns of the fish assemblages were examined relative to the ecoregions; distinct regional differences were identified. The assemblages differed most between the Huron/Erie Lake Plain region and the Western Allegheny Plateau region; assemblages in the Eastern Corn Belt Plains and the Erie/Ontario Lake Plain-Interior Plateau regions were intermediate. This pattern also reflects the gradient in landscape character as one moves from the northwest to the southeast of Ohio.     

Sustainable coasts? Perceptions of change and livelihood vulnerability in Nordland,Norway

ABSTRACT

Northern coastal regions are facing multiple challenges from accelerating global environmental and socioeconomic changes, such as ecosystem degradation, climate change, intensified resource extraction, land use change and declining populations. Based on interviews with 13 farmers, fishers and aquaculture employees from coastal Nordland, northern Norway, this study demonstrates how the local stakeholders’ perceptions of change and experiences of vulnerability are closely linked to their livelihood values and worldviews. What the informants consider a sustainable and meaningful way of coastal living does not coincide with national goals for sustainable, natural resource dependent development of the region. The article demonstrates the importance of attending to local values if policymakers and managers are to ensure successful local mobilisation, reduce vulnerability to ongoing and future processes of change, and ensure legitimacy and consistency in development goals of coastal zone management. Insights from this study are useful for local and regional decision makers with responsibility for natural resource policies and development efforts.