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201.
不发达地区产业经济生态化发展初论--以青海省为例 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
李泉 《中国人口.资源与环境》2004,14(2):112-116
青海作为我国主要河流的“江河源”和生态系统运行的“生态源”。其生态地位和生态效应已经超越了当地可持续发展的实现。基于生态经济理论和生态文明理念。文章以青海为例分析评价了该省产业经济生态化发展的基础、制约因素。认为发展生态产业经济、促进生态系统与经济系统的良性循环是实现不发达地区产业经济生态化发展的根本保证。提出从生态农业、生态工业和第三产业生态化等体系层面构建产业经济生态化发展的构想、政策建议和启示。 相似文献
202.
In this study, experimental determination and modelling investigations for the explosion regions of 1,3-dioxolane/inert gas/N2O and 1,3-dioxolane/inert gas/air mixtures were carried out and compared. The experimental measurements were carried out at 338 K and atmospheric pressure according to EN1839 method T using the inert gases N2, CO2, He and Ar. The results showed that the ratio of the lower explosion limit in N2O (LELN2O) to the lower explosion limit in air (LELair) is 0.52 and the ratio of the maximum oxygen content in air (MOCair) to the limiting oxidizer fraction in nitrous oxide (LOFN2O) is 0.36 ± 0.02 independent of the inert gas. When comparing the inert gas amount at the apex based on the pure oxidizing component, which is O2 in case of air, N2O-containing mixtures need less inert gas to reach the limiting oxidizer quantity whereas the efficiency of inert gases is in the same order. The coefficients of nitrogen equivalency however were found to differ to some extent. The explosion regions of 1,3-dioxolane/inert gas/oxidizer mixtures were modelled using the calculated adiabatic flame temperature profile (CAFTP) method as well as corrected adiabatic flame temperatures. The results indicate good agreement with experimental data for CO2, N2 and Ar- containing mixtures. The noticeable deviations that occur when He is the inert gas are due to the lacking transport data of that mixture. 相似文献
203.
生态系统服务是保障乡村生态安全、环境健康以及经济可持续发展的重要基础,农户作为乡村地域生态系统与乡村经济发展的重要关联主体,其生产生活以及对生态系统服务的认知与感知变化对维护生态系统功能具有重要影响。以南方丘陵山地重点生态功能区——湖南省慈利县6个不同发展类型的农村社区为研究对象,基于农户访谈与入户调查,探究了2008—2018年农户对各类生态系统服务的多样性感知变化,采用多元线性回归方法构建农户对生态系统服务多样化感知指数模型,分析其影响因素,在此基础上提出两者协同发展的建议策略。结果表明:(1)农户对各类生态系统服务感知变化以及不同区域之间的感知均呈现差异性,农业生产主导区感知强于生态保护核心区和生态经济发展区;(2)农户对林地、农田、园地、湿地生态系统服务的多样性感知以及属性感知依次减弱;(3)自然环境、资源禀赋、个体特征等是影响农户生态系统服务属性感知的重要因素。研究结果以期为维护区域生态系统服务,提升农户福祉推进生态服务提升及乡村协同发展提供参考。 相似文献
204.
水稻土被广泛认为是甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)主要排放源,深入研究不同水肥管理条件下热带地区双季稻田CH4和N2O的排放特征,对补充我国双季稻田温室气体排放研究的不足意义重大.本研究设置8个处理:常规灌溉-施磷钾肥(D-PK)、常规灌溉-施氮磷钾肥(D-NPK)、常规灌溉-施氮磷钾+有机肥(D-NPK+M)、常规灌溉-施有机肥(D-M)、长期淹水-施磷钾肥(F-PK)、长期淹水-施氮磷钾肥(F-NPK)、长期淹水-施氮磷钾+有机肥(F-NPK+M)和长期淹水-施有机肥(F-M).采用密闭静态箱-气相色谱法测定双季稻田CH4和N2O排放量,测定水稻产量和估算全球增温潜势(GWP)及温室气体排放强度(GHGI).结果表明:①早稻季和晚稻季CH4累积排放量分别为10.3~78.9 kg·hm-2和84.6~185.5 kg·hm-2.与F-PK和F-NPK处理相比,早稻季F-NPK+M和F-M处理显著增加CH4累积排放量.同一施肥条件下,长期淹水处理CH4累积排放量高于常规灌溉处理.灌溉和施肥极显著影响早稻季CH4累积排放量.②早稻季和晚稻季N2O累积排放量分别为0.18~0.76 kg·hm-2和0.15~0.58 kg·hm-2.与F-PK处理相比,早稻季F-NPK处理N2O累积排放量显著增加;与D-PK相比,D-NPK、D-NPK+M和D-M处理显著增加N2O累积排放量.与F-PK相比,晚稻季长期淹水其它处理N2O累积排放量显著增加;与D-PK处理相比,D-NPK和D-M处理N2O累积排放量显著增加.施肥极显著影响早稻季N2O排放;灌溉和施肥极显著影响晚稻季N2O排放.③早稻和晚稻产量分别为7310.7~9402.4 kg·hm-2和3902.8~7354.6 kg·hm-2,且F-NPK和F-M处理下早稻产量显著高于F-PK和D-NPK、D-PK和D-NPK处理.与PK处理相比,同一灌溉条件下其余3种施肥处理均显著增加晚稻产量.早稻季GWP和GHGI分别为580.8~2818.5kg·hm-2和0.08~0.30 kg·kg-1.与F-PK处理相比,常规灌溉条件下早稻季各施肥处理间GWP无显著性差异;但长期淹水条件下F-NPK+M和F-M处理GWP均显著增加.早稻季F-NPK+M和F-M处理GHGI显著高于其它处理.晚稻季GWP和GHGI分别为3091.6~6334.2 kg·hm-2和0.50~1.23 kg·kg-1.灌溉显著影响早稻和晚稻季GWP和GHGI,施肥对晚稻季GWP和GHGI的影响不显著.④土壤NH4+-N含量和5 cm土温均与CH4排放呈极显著负相关,pH与CH4排放呈极显著正相关,但与N2O排放呈显著负相关.土壤NH4+-N和NO3--N含量与N2O排放呈极显著负相关.综合作物产量、GWP和GHGI考虑,D-NPK+M可推荐为当地最优的减排稳产的水肥管理模式. 相似文献
205.
Trace element contamination in industrial regions of Poland studied by moss monitoring 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Grodzińska K Frontasyeva M Szarek-Lukaszewska G Klich M Kucharska-Fabiś A Gundorina SF Ostrovnaya TM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,87(3):255-270
The use of terrestrial mosses as biomonitors in large-scalemulti-element studies of heavy metal deposition from theatmosphere is a well established technique in Europe. Insuch studies it is advantageous to determine as many elements as possible in order to distinguish betweendifferent source categories. A combination of INAA and AAShas been found very useful in this respect, in particularwhen epithermal activation is used for instrumental neutronactivation analysis. A total of 33 elements (Al, Cl, Sc, V,Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Sb,I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Tb, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Pb, Th, and U) inPleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. moss samples fromthe Silesia-Kraków Industrial Region and Legnica-GogówCopper Basin and from the control (background) area inNortheast Poland were identified. The highest concentrationsof the majority of trace elements were found in mossesgrowing in the Silesia-Kraków Industrial Region, only Cu andAs concentrations were higher in mosses in the Legnica-Gogów Copper Basin. These results are in conformity withthe load of trace elements emissions in these areas. 相似文献
206.
Spatial Patterns of Soil Moisture as Affected by Shrubs, in Different Climatic Conditions 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Pariente S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,73(3):237-251
At three study sites, representing Mediterranean, semi-aridand mildly-arid climatic conditions, the effect of shrubs onthe spatial patterns of soil moisture was studied. At eachsite soil moisture was measured, on hillslopes, at thevicinity of 8 shrubs. For each shrub the measurements havebeen taken at 3 microenvironments, i.e. under the shrub (US),at the margins of shrub (MS) and between shrubs (BS). At themicroenvironments US and MS the measurements were taken at 3 directions: upslope, downslope and sideslope of the shrubs. At all sampling points soil samples were taken from 3 depths: 0–2, 2–5 and 5–10 cm. In addition, rock fragments cover percentage near the shrubs was determined. A soil moisture pattern was found, around each shrub,which is composed of a radial gradient and a downslope gradient. The radial gradient is expressed by soil moisture decreasingfrom the US microenvironment, in all directions, through the MS towards the BS microenvironment. The US microenvironmenthas a `spatial advantage' of higher soil moisture content dueto (1) relatively higher infiltration rate, (2) capture overlandflow from the BS area upslope that shrub and (3) low evaporationrate because of the shading effect.The downslope gradient is expressed by decreasing soil moisturefrom the upslope direction of each shrub (MS and US microenvironments) towards the downslope direction of that shrub (MS and US microenvironments, respectively). Thisgradient is controlled by the relatively high content of rockfragments near the shrubs at their upslope direction. Suchrock fragments spatial distribution is attributed to (1) thedetachment and transport of rock fragments by sheep and goatstrampling and (2) the effect of shrub on the continuity ofoverland flow and sediment transport. The effect of rockfragments is similar to that of shrubs regarding increasinginfiltration and decreasing evaporation rate. The relativelyhigh soil moisture at the upslope direction of each shrubenhances annuals growth producing a positive feedback loop:soil moisture – annuals growth – trampling. This sequencemaintains the typical rock fragments spatial organization andcontributes to the sustainability of the grazing system.At all the study sites at the US microenvironment there isa trend of decreasing soil moisture with increasing soildepth. At microenvironments MS and BS soil moisture increaseswith soil depth.The results are of great relevance for rehabilitationstrategies as they suggest that in order to combatdesertification in degraded semi-arid and mildly-arid areas,where the main land use is grazing, both shrubs and rockfragment should be kept at their present spatial distribution. 相似文献
207.
208.
中国水灾风险综合管理--平衡大都市区水灾致灾强度与脆弱性 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
中国大都市区主要分布在大江大河的中下游地区,由于区域土地利用格局的巨大变化,特别是较多的水域和湿地因城市化而被占据,因此,一方面大都市区面临严重的洪水危险,另一方面为了使大都市区尽可能减轻洪水灾害,而加强了防洪能力的建设.然而,近50年的减灾实践证明,洪水灾害却在波动中趋于上升,即大都市区对洪水的脆弱性在增大.在对中国大都市区洪水灾害的区域分析基础上,以广东省为例,构造了综合水灾致灾因子和承灾体为一体的风险评估模型体系,以此提出了平衡大都市区水灾致灾强度与脆弱性的基本土地利用模式,和"政府-企业(社区)-保险公司"相结合的企业风险管理模式. 相似文献
209.
210.
江南地域在我国虽属水资源相对充足的地区,但水生态建设不容忽视。文章针对江南传统村镇中河道水网的水生态处理及院落村舍的给排水处理两方面,在认同原始功能的合理性的基础上分析现当代的改建对于水环境自我调节的影响后果,讨论了在原有基础上进行水环境改造更新的可行性,并探讨结合Reduce(减少)、Reuse(回用)、Recycle(循环)的3R原则进行设计的方法和发展前景。 相似文献