郑州市大气PM2.5中水溶性离子的污染特征及来源解析

为探究郑州大气细颗粒物PM_2.5中水溶性无机离子(WSIIs)的污染特征、季节变化和来源,有针对性地防治PM_2.5的污染,2020年12月至2021年10月4个不同季节连续采集PM_2.5样品,并结合气态污染物(SO₂、 NO₂和O₃)和气象因素(温度和相对湿度)对9种WSIIs(NO^-₃、 NH⁺₄、 SO₄^2-、 Ca²⁺、 K⁺、 Na⁺、 Mg²⁺、 F^-和Cl^-)进行分析.结果表明,观测期ρ[总水溶性离子(TWSIIs)]年均值为(39.34±21.56)μg·m^-3,呈现出冬季最高、夏季最低的季节变化特征.全年PM_2.5均稍微偏碱性,NH     

贵州喀斯特地区珍稀濒危植物及其保护

贵州73％的土地为碳酸盐岩覆盖，生态环境脆弱，喀斯特地貌极为发育是我国一个相对独特的地域环境单元，也是一个植物多样性较丰富的地区，仅需保护的珍稀濒危植物就有342种，分属84科193属。分析了贵州喀斯特地区珍稀濒危植物的现状特征，并从植物本身的生理生态习性，喀斯特生境本底的严酷性（如土壤瘠薄、方便利用的地表水匮乏等），人类干扰活动（如盗伐，毁林垦荒，水土流失，酸雨危害等）等方面探讨了该地区珍稀濒危物种的濒危原因。在此基础上，结合目前西部大开发中生态建设的要求，提出了该地区珍稀濒危植物保护应采取的七条对策建议。     

A targeting approach for ecosystem protection

The Critical Ecosystems Team of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region 5, has developed an approach to prioritize and target ecologically high-quality areas for enhanced environmental protection in the Midwestern states of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin. Using this approach, we intend to employ a pro-active strategy to protect the environment by protecting and restoring natural ecosystems rather than the traditional EPA approach of remediating and attempting to restore already degraded habitats. The approach consists of two components: (1) partnership and (2) criteria. For the partnership component, we collected, mapped, and summarized information on ecosystems considered critical to federal and state agencies, tribes and non-profit organizations. Multi-county areas with high numbers of ecosystems identified by a variety of partners were designated as ‘Ecologically Rich Regions’. These Ecologically Rich Regions highlight broad geographic areas where there are high levels of partner interest and, correspondingly, areas with high potential for forming collaborative partnerships for enhanced environmental protection. The second component, which relies on criteria, is still under development and defines critical ecosystems as having three important properties: (1) high ecological diversity, (2) potential for long-term sustainability and (3) presence of relict native ecosystems or communities. The information compiled under both components of this ecosystem targeting approach will inform ecological risk managers and assessors about important ecosystems that should be considered in risk management and assessment processes.     

三峡水库蓄水前后长江中下游江心洲的演变及其机理分析

长江中下游河道存在数量众多的江心洲,三峡水库蓄水运行后这些江心洲的演变深为人们关注。选取2000~2011年宜昌、汉口、大通站的年均流量和输沙量,1999、2001、2003、2005、2007、2009和2011年长江中下游20个代表性江心洲的遥感影像,分析三峡水库蓄水前后水沙变化及江心洲面积变化过程,同时利用概念模型分析江心洲面积变化与流量和含沙量之间的关系。研究表明:(1)三峡水库蓄水后(2003~2011年)宜昌、汉口、大通站的年均径流量较蓄水前分别减少6.1%、7.3%、9.5%,输沙量分别减小90.3%、72.1%、66.9%,平均含沙量分别减少了89.6%、70.8%、64.8%;(2)2003年蓄水前,12个(60%)江心洲面积逐年增加,相对于1999年其平均变化率为26.8%;2003年蓄水后,只有9个(45%)江心洲面积逐年也增加但是平均变化率减少至22.1%,11个(55%)江心洲面积逐年减少,相对于1999年其平均变化率为19.4%;(3)概念模型分析表明:江心洲面积变化量跟水位、冲蚀量成正相关,而水位、冲蚀量跟流量、悬沙减少量成正相关。江心洲面积变化量主要受水位变化控制,这种关系导致长江中下游江心洲演变的一种假象:既蓄水后面积不断增加的少数江心洲实际上也处于不断冲蚀的过程。     

中国西北地区工业园水资源高效利用系统研究

以西北地区某工业园为研究载体,从水资源高效利用系统构建出发,研究工业园水资源高效利用及优化调控系统模型的建立,提出适应当地资源环境特征的“分质处理-多级回用”水资源高效循环利用体系,打造水资源闭路循环经济链,有利于当地工业园区的生态化转型及可持续发展.     

Ecotourism Model and Benefits of Periphery Regions in Westem Sichuan Province

There are many problems in the minority regions of western Sichuan Province, such as serious soil erosion, fragile ecological environment, low levels of economy and so on. Advantages of tourism resources in the ＂periphery regions＂ should be fully utilized, and ＂multi-tourism＂ meets the characteristics and present situation of the minority regions. The ＂multi-tourism development model＂ can exert the functions of tourism as the key industry. Based on the demands and the internal linkages among different industries, the model can accelerate the development of related-industries, such as eco-agriculture, eco-industry and so on. Through implementing the multi-tourism model, we can fully utilize the advantages of the periphery regions and promote the sustainable development of regional economy.     

待开发区域的主导产业选择思路研究——以营口经济技术开发区为例

从区域经济发展的角度出发,系统研究待开发区域主导产业选择的基本思路.依据主导产业选择原则(发展基础原则、战略分工原则、区域适宜性原则),通过比较研究确定区域发展的产业方向,构建区域主导产业选择的指标体系,采用AHP分析方法对指标进行衡量,最终得出主导产业推荐方案.同时,对营口经济技术开发区进行实证研究,运用上述方法选择适合该区域发展的产业为:港口物流业、冶金钢材业、输变电设备制造业、重型装备制造业、电子信息业和休闲旅游业.本研究为我国待开发区域的主导产业选择提供了一种新思路,其实证分析结果也为营口经济技术开发区的主导产业选择提供了科学依据.     

Ecotourism Model and Benefits of Periphery Regions in Western Sichuan Province

Abstract

There are many problems in the minority regions of western Sichuan Province, such as serious soil erosion, fragile ecological environment, low levels of economy and so on. Advantages of tourism resources in the “periphery regions” should be fully utilized, and “multitourism” meets the characteristics and present situation of the minority regions. The “multitourism development model” can exert the functions of tourism as the key industry. Based on the demands and the internal linkages among different industries, the model can accelerate the development of related-industries, such as eco-agriculture, eco-industry and so on. Through implementing the multi-tourism model, we can fully utilize the advantages of the periphery regions and promote the sustainable development of regional economy.     

Sustainable coasts? Perceptions of change and livelihood vulnerability in Nordland,Norway

ABSTRACT

Northern coastal regions are facing multiple challenges from accelerating global environmental and socioeconomic changes, such as ecosystem degradation, climate change, intensified resource extraction, land use change and declining populations. Based on interviews with 13 farmers, fishers and aquaculture employees from coastal Nordland, northern Norway, this study demonstrates how the local stakeholders’ perceptions of change and experiences of vulnerability are closely linked to their livelihood values and worldviews. What the informants consider a sustainable and meaningful way of coastal living does not coincide with national goals for sustainable, natural resource dependent development of the region. The article demonstrates the importance of attending to local values if policymakers and managers are to ensure successful local mobilisation, reduce vulnerability to ongoing and future processes of change, and ensure legitimacy and consistency in development goals of coastal zone management. Insights from this study are useful for local and regional decision makers with responsibility for natural resource policies and development efforts.     

苏南人口密集地区城镇化过程中的环境特征分析

江苏省南部是长江三角洲地区的城镇密集区,该地区在工业化带动下的乡村城镇化迅速发展,非农业人口比重大,隐性城市化人口多。城镇化过程中存在以下环境问题：耕地资源减少,环境承载力降低;水污染严重,环境容量减少;工业污染物集中,小城镇排放的污染物浓度大;城镇化后生态风险增大。近期苏南乡村城镇化正处于高峰期,针对城镇化过程中的环境变化特点,应制定符合生态经济规律的小城镇规划,加强土地管理和环境管理,加快乡村城镇化进程,加快乡镇合并,实施乡镇工业经济增长方式的转变。