ZT15型矿用火箭弹处理 尖山铁矿2号溜井堵塞

在处理该矿溜井堵塞中,在常规方法无效的情况下改用ZT型矿用火箭弹进行处理,获得成功。较详细介绍了该弹的使用方法、主要技术参数和特点。     

花生壳对Cr（Ⅵ）的等温吸附模型研究

在花生壳吸附剂量为1.0g、pH2.0、温度30℃、振荡速度140r/min、吸附时间360min条件下,实验研究了不同初始浓度（50 mg/L、75 mg/L、100 mg/L、125 mg/L、150 mg/L）的Cr（Ⅵ）溶液等温吸附曲线。研究结果表明,Langmuir等温吸附模型符合得更好;该吸附是一个优先吸附过程;最大饱和吸附量为6.25mg/g。     

Autotrophic Biological Denitrification for Complete Removal of Nitrogen from Septic System Wastewater

The overall objective of this research was to develop a reliable, robust, and maintenance-free passive system for biological denitrification in on-site wastewater treatment systems. The process relies on sulfur oxidizing denitrifying bacteria in upflow packed bioreactors. Since this process consumes alkalinity, it is necessary to add a solid-phase buffer that can scavenge the H⁺ as it is generated by the biologically-mediated reaction and arrest the drop in the pH value. This study investigated the use of limestone, marble chips and crushed oyster shell as solid-phase buffers that provide alkalinity. Two bench-scale upflow column reactors and two field-scale bioreactors were constructed and packed with sulfur pellets and an alkalinity source. The pilot scale bioreactors (∼200 L each) were installed at the Massachusetts Alternative Septic System Test Center (MASSTC) in Sandwich, MA. The pilot-scale bioreactors performed better when oyster shell was used as the solid-phase buffer vis-à-vis marble chips. In both (pilot-scale and laboratory-scale) systems, denitrification rates were high with the effluent NO₃ ⁻ —N concentration consistently below 8 mg/L.     

基于人工智能的深潜耐压球壳应力场映射

目的 针对深潜耐压球壳在真实下潜过程中全局应力场难以直接获取的问题,提出一种基于人工智能的深潜耐压球壳应力场映射算法。方法 构建深潜耐压球壳有限元模型,并开展仿真分析。提出深潜耐压球壳监测布点方案,进而利用长短时记忆神经网络(Long-short Term Memory Network,LSTM),将测点应力信息作为输入,将全局应力场信息作为输出,构建深潜耐压球壳应力场映射模型。最后,对不同测点下的映射结果进行分析。结果 与模型试验结果相比,仿真误差小于2%。与DNN模型及BP模型相比,映射误差分别下降94.92%与97.76%。结论 所提映射算法可在部分测点失效的情况下仍可以保持较高精度。     

金属基体复合材料圆锥壳的材料参数识别及动力学敏感性研究

目的 研究以金属作为基体的碳酚醛复合材料圆锥壳的动力学特性,基于模态实验建立复合材料参数优化识别方法。方法 通过建立金属基体复合材料圆锥壳结构的动力学模型,表征各层材料参数对结构动力学特性的影响。开展典型铝合金-环氧胶-碳酚醛圆锥壳自由模态实验,在模态实验结果基础上,采用数值仿真开展复合材料参数识别,并采用响应面优化法研究获得材料参数的全局最优解。最后,开展结构模态对复合材料参数的敏感性分析。结果 基于拉丁超立方抽样和多项式代理模型,建立了多层复合圆锥壳的高效代理模型。对于[0, 90]S铺层的复合材料圆锥壳结构,前5组模态频率参数对E11最敏感,对v23最不敏感,剪切模量的影响介于拉伸模量及泊松比之间。结论 建立了针对各向同性-正交各向异性材料组合的多层复合圆锥壳结构的动力学模型及参数识别方法,可为结构动力学设计提供参考。     

改性菱角壳生物炭吸附水中土霉素性能与机理

以菱角壳为原料,乙酸钾为活化剂,通过活化碳化一步法制备了改性生物炭（MBC）,对其表面形貌、孔径分布、官能团等表面性能进行了表征,并研究了其对水中盐酸土霉素（OTC）的吸附去除行为.相比于热解生物炭（BC）,MBC有更高的比表面积（1147.80m²/g）、更丰富的孔径结构,更多的含氧官能团和更强的亲水性.溶液pH值在3~8时,MBC对OTC保持较高的吸附量（165mg/g）.拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型可以很好地描述MBC对OTC的吸附行为.热力学分析显示MBC对OTC的吸附是一个自发吸热过程.除氢键作用、π-π键堆积作用和阳离子-π键作用以外,孔填充是MBC吸附去除OTC的主要作用机理.0.5mol/L氢氧化钠溶液可有效再生吸附饱和的MBC.因此,MBC作为一种吸附剂去除水和废水中的土霉素具有较好的潜能.     

磁性龙虾壳吸附去除水中磷的特性

以四氧化三铁修饰的龙虾壳为吸附剂,研究其对水中磷的吸附特性.结果显示：4g/L磁性龙虾壳吸附除磷效率最佳,低浓度的含磷废水（≤20mg/L）的吸附除磷效率达到91.6%以上,磁性龙虾壳吸附除磷适宜的pH值范围广,共存离子（Cl^-、SO₄^2-、NO₃^-和HCO₃^-）对磁性龙虾壳吸附除磷的影响很小,其中HCO₃^-有微弱的抑制效果.Freundlich方程能很好地描述磷在磁性龙虾壳上的吸附行为,吸附过程很好地遵循准二级动力学模型.热力学分析表明磁性龙虾壳对磷的吸附过程是自发的.X射线衍射和傅里叶红外光谱分析进一步表明,磁性龙虾壳吸附除磷的主要机制是配位交换、静电作用和表面沉淀.     

锰铝双氧化物改性生物炭减缓土壤重金属对黑麦草的毒性作用

电子垃圾拆解过程中引起的土壤重金属铜(Cu)和镉(Cd)复合污染现象成为一个严峻的问题,为了解决这一问题,利用废弃的螃蟹壳生物质与锰铝盐进行共沉淀后共热解制备了螃蟹壳生物炭(BC)和片状锰铝双氧化物改性的螃蟹壳生物炭(LDO/BC)材料.污染土壤经过BC和LDO/BC修复后,土壤pH、有效磷、速效钾和酶活性得到了提升,土壤中的DTPA-Cu和DTPA-Cd含量显著降低.微生物群落分析表明BC-1%能促进Gemmatimonadota(芽单胞菌)和Acidobacteriota(酸杆菌)相对丰度的上升,而LDO/BC-1%能促进Proteobacteria(变形菌)相对丰度的上升,且变形菌有利于减少Cd在植物中的积累作用.在修复后的土壤中种植黑麦草培养28 d,结果表明,经过投加量为5%BC和1%LDO/BC分别修复后土壤种植的黑麦草发芽率分别提高29%和60%,生长状况更佳,并且黑麦草植株内Cu和Cd的含量相对于未经生物炭材料处理的空白组显著降低.LDO/BC-1%处理组相对于其他处理组表现出更优异的修复效果,且负载在LDO/BC上的Mn可以有效地降低黑麦草吸收土壤中的重金属Cd.     

Optimisation of bisphenol A removal from water using chemically modified pine bark and almond shell

The ability of pine bark and almond shells to remove bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions was evaluated. Samples of these traditional agro-forestry by-products were milled, sieved into different particle size fractions (0.10–0.15 and 1.5–2.0 mm) and submitted to two different types of treatment. Sorption experiments were conducted in a batch system at room temperature and natural pH. Sorption equilibrium was attained after 48 h for all systems under study. Bisphenol A was adsorbed more effectively on the smaller particles of the sorbents. Pine bark and almond shell pretreated with formaldehyde presented higher sorption efficiency (95%), followed by almond shell (87%) and pine bark (82%) washed with hot water. All the sorption isotherms were found to fit a Freundlich equation, with correlation coefficients (R ²) between 0.823 and 0.989. The sorption coefficient (K _F) ranged from 0.06 to 0.74 (mg^1?1/n ·L ^1/n ·g ^?1). These results indicate that utilisation of both materials as an alternative sorbent for the removal of bisphenol A from contaminated waters is promising because they are available in large amounts and have an acceptable cost–efficiency ratio when compared with traditional adsorbents.     

Effect of dietary Jatropha curcas seed meal on rabbits infested by adult ticks of Hyalomma marginatum marginatum

The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the oral administration of Jatropha curcas seed meal (JCSM) on serum biochemical parameters and histopathology of skin, liver, and kidney of rabbits experimentally infested by Hyalomma marginatum marginatum. Thirty healthy mixed-breed rabbits were randomly divided into five equal groups. The first group was kept as a control and fed soya bean meal. The remaining groups were fed diets containing 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, or 10% JCSM. At the sixth week, each group was divided into two subgroups. Ticks were introduced to all members of one subgroup, the other subgroup being kept as control. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for biochemical parameters before (zero time) and after the treatment, on the 6th and 8th weeks. Histopathological studies were conducted 8 weeks after the treatment. The results revealed that JCSM could be used in the treatment of ectoparasites at levels of less than 10% in the diet without any serious effects on liver and kidney functions.