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71.
通过试验,揭示了生物团粒的结构性质,据此设计了应用生物团粒处理炼油厂废水的促生增活工艺。结果表明,该工艺具有促使生物繁殖,改善活性污泥性能的特点,可明显提高废水处理效果。 相似文献
72.
73.
长白山火山是一座中国最大的第四纪层状复式火山,是1000年前世界上最大的火山喷发之一.至今保留着完好的火山地貌景观,是研究火山活动机制、岩浆演化及火山灾害等方面的重要基地,也是旅游胜地. 相似文献
74.
臭氧氧化水中石油类污染物的初步研究 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
对石油类污染物严重污染的某市水源地下水进行了臭氧净化技术的静态试验研究,通过臭氧对石油类污染物的氧化作用,结合紫外分光光度法测定油的吸收峰曲线和色-质联机结果的分析,初步研究了臭氧氧化水中石油类污染物的过程和途径。 相似文献
75.
Petrochemical buildings are usually distributed near chemical installations and have a high risk of explosion because of the concentration of people. In order to effectively design and protect buildings against explosion, it is needed to determine the blast-resistant and defense loads reasonably. Based on the theory of risk, a triangular pyramid explosion risk model was established in this study, which combined the overpressure p, duration t, and frequency f of the explosion scene at the same time. The first principle of “acceptable cumulative frequency” and the key principle of “maximum explosion risk” were formulated. According to this method, the explosion risk of eight leakage units with 10 groups of leakage hole size and three dangerous wind directions were obtained. According to the cumulative explosion frequency curve and the explosion risk curve, blast-resistant and defense loads of the four walls were determined quantitatively. Among the four walls, the explosion overpressure were 44.0–74.5 kPa, and the corresponding duration were 34.1–39.1 ms. The cumulative explosion frequency were 2.11E−5 to 8.58E−5 times annually. The explosion risk value were 3.64E−3 to 5.35E−3 kPa·ms annually. The results indicated that it was of great importance for the calculation of the explosion risk to reasonably divide the leakage unit and determine the leakage frequency. The explosion scene and its frequency, the volume of the obstructed region, and the distance of the explosion source were the key variables that affected the explosive load. The final blast-resistant and defense load values were found in the case of the middle hole size leakage. Blast-resistant and defense loads not only met the risk acceptance standard but also considered the overpressure and the duration of explosion. At present, they have been extensively applied in the blast-resistant design and engineering transformation of buildings in SINOPEC. 相似文献
76.
采用平板陶瓷膜中试装置处理石化废水,分析了处理效果与膜污染情况,获得了平板陶瓷膜稳定运行条件下的工艺参数。结果表明:在COD为50~100 mg/L、浊度为2~11 NTU的进水条件下,平板陶瓷膜出水COD与浊度分别为20~42 mg/L和0.05~0.2 NTU,与双层过滤器+中空纤维超滤工艺出水水质较为接近;在运行通量40 L/(m 2·h)、反洗周期45 min、反洗时间60 s的条件下,采用浓度为100~150 mg/L的次氯酸钠每7小时进行1次化学清洗,平板陶瓷膜系统运行较为稳定。 相似文献
77.
针对区域资源环境与社会经济系统的非连续运动特征,基于尖点突变理论构建数学模型对区域资源环境与社会经济系统的突变过程及其响应机制进行定量描述与分析。吉林省社会经济进入快速发展时期,以吉林省作为研究区域进行实例分析,能够为区域社会经济与资源环境协调发展战略的制定与筛选提供技术手段和决策依据。研究结果表明,吉林省经济进入快速增长阶段;矿业的衰退将成为影响吉林省经济持续稳定发展的重要因素;吉林省资源消耗总量与万元产值消耗量的突变,标志着吉林省对钢铁和水泥等大宗固体矿产的消费进入快速增长阶段;受生态省建设战略影响,固体废物、SO2、粉尘的排放总量与万元产值SO2及固体废弃物排放量发生根本性转变,吉林省生态环境进入新的发展时期。 相似文献
78.
吉林西部农业生态环境问题及对策 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
在自然因素和人为因素的影响下,吉林西部农业生态环境问题日益突出,土地退化严重,直接表现为“三化”(即土地盐碱化、草原退化和土地沙化)。盐碱地面积已增至160.69104 hm2,与50年代相比,盐碱地面积增加52.79104 hm2,平均每年增加1.35104 hm2,年递增率1.3%;建国初期,嫩平原吉林省西部草地面积252.9104 hm2,到了1999年,草地面积仅为122.3104 hm2,年递减率约2.6%,而且草原的质量也在下降。目前,沙地面积68.6104 hm2,土地沙化局面已基本控制。文章系统分析农业生态环境恶化的原因和驱动机制,提出综合防治对策和措施。 相似文献
79.
通过对现代石化流程状态转移模式的分析, 建立了系统安全度分析模型,提出了改善系统安全状态的策略,并列举了用于催化裂化装置的结果 相似文献
80.
BENJAMIN L. NICHOLSON ANASTASSIOS N. PERAKIS JONATHAN W. BULKLEY 《Environmental management》2003,31(4):0532-0545
Through discussion of causative factors and examination of historical data, petrochemical spill prevention in US waters is
reviewed. Unintentional petrochemical outflow is analyzed in a comprehensive manner and presented as a hierarchical sequence
of antecedent events to reveal the trends of causative factors leading to release. Specifically, a seaborne petrochemical
spill is examined in terms of four basic, antecedent events: (1) an underway source, (2) a failure incident, (3) a marine
accident capable of breaching the hull and cargo block, and (4) the onset of outflow. These events are further subdivided
into underlying, contributing events to form a causative framework for spill prevention. While a hierarchical review is not
necessary to uncover the elements of causation, it does provide a comprehensive and logical structure that clearly defines
these elements in terms of occurrence frequency and contribution to resulting outflow. It is found that relatively small,
frequent spills less than 40,000 liters (10,567 gallons), attributable to human operator failures, leading to grounding, and
cargo transfer system failure accidents, dominate US seaborne petrochemical outflow from 1992 to 1999. Given the frequency
of groundings, structural reinforcement regulations such as those contained in the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (requiring double
hulls) appear well justified. However, passive restraint systems are secondary to the need for vigilant training and licensing
of tank vessel operators. 相似文献