环境及营养条件对稀脉浮萍和紫背浮萍氮磷含量的影响

以稀脉浮萍和紫背浮萍为对象,对在不同光照、温度和培养液氮磷浓度等条件下生长的生物量氮和磷含量的系统分析,研究了环境营养条件对氮和磷含量的影响.结果表明紫背浮萍和稀脉浮萍氮含量主要受培养液中氮浓度和温度的影响,低氮浓度和低温均可导致氮含量降低,氮浓度超过3mg·L^-1,温度高于25℃时氮含量基本保持稳定;光照强度变化对这2种浮萍的氮含量基本没有影响.紫背浮萍和稀脉浮萍磷含量会受培养液中磷浓度、温度和光照的影响.低温和低光照可导致磷含量降低,温度超过25℃,光照高于8000lx时2种浮萍磷含量则基本保持稳定;这2种浮萍的磷含量均随培养液中磷浓度增加而增加直至达到饱和,它们之间的关系可以用Monod方程来描述,其中紫背浮萍饱和磷含量高于稀脉浮萍.     

Knowledge users’ perspectives and advice on how to improve knowledge exchange and mobilization in the case of a co-managed fishery

Environmental scientists have long been frustrated by the difficulties involved in transferring their research findings into policy-making, management, and public spheres. Despite increases in scientific knowledge about social-ecological systems, research has consistently shown that regulators and stakeholders draw on tacit, informal, and experiential knowledge far more than scientific knowledge in their decision-making. Social science research in the fields of knowledge exchange (KE) and knowledge mobilization (KMb) suggest that one of the major barriers to moving knowledge into practice is that scientists fail to align their communication strategies with the information-seeking behaviours and preferences of potential knowledge users. This article presents findings from in-depth qualitative research with government employees and stakeholders involved in co-managing Pacific salmon fisheries in Canada’s Fraser River. We investigate how members of these groups access, view, and use scientific information, finding both similarities and differences. Members of both groups express a strong interest in academic science, and self-report using scientific information regularly in their work and advocacy. However, the two groups engage in different information-seeking behaviours, and provide notably different advice to academic scientists about how to make research and communication more relevant to potential users. For example, government employees focus on the immediate applications of research to known problems, while stakeholders express greater concern for the political context and implications of scientific findings. We argue that scientists need to “go where the users are” in the behavioural and intellectual sense, and tailor their communications and engagement activities to match the habits, preferences, and expectations of multiple potential user groups. We conclude with recommendations on how this may be done.     

知识经济条件下传统资源学面临的选择

传统的资源学目前正面临着知识经济的挑战。为适应知识经济的要求，传统的资源学应在研究内容、研究方法及学科观念上进行创新     

Developing a process equipment failure knowledge base using ontology approach for process equipment related incident investigations

Process equipment failures (PEFs) are one of the most important causes of process incidents occurrences. To investigate and prevent the PEFs, in addition to having the previous data, it is necessary to have some resources of the PEFs domain knowledge. Nowadays, PEFs data are usually retrieved from existent databases. Customary databases present only previously stored data of equipment failures but, for carrying out a comprehensive PEFs management it is necessary to have access to the PEFs desired knowledge and not only stored data. This paper aims to offer a knowledge base for the PEFs through adopting an ontological approach and then to use the proposed knowledge base for further applications particularly, process incident investigation activities. Through adding semantic search capability, the proposed knowledge base could upgrade the data presenting feature of the common databases into a knowledge presenting feature. Using this approach, the user would be able to extract the desired knowledge of the PEFs along the virtual stored data of occurred cases. The knowledge extraction process and the data mining of occurred incidents are both necessary for the PEFs investigation.     

A multi-level perspective on learning about climate change adaptation through international cooperation

International cooperation and learning may accelerate climate change adaptation and help countries and regions to adapt more effectively and efficiently. Recognizing the importance and opportunities for mutual learning and knowledge transfer, international and supranational organizations, such as the European Commission, have put programmes for international cooperation in place. This paper presents and tests a framework for assessing multi-level learning outcomes of such international cooperation processes and the conditions that produce these outcomes. The framework distinguishes between: (1) group learning by individual process participants; (2) organizational learning by organizations represented in the process; and (3) network and societal learning by actors external to the process. We verify the analytical potential of the framework by comparing learning by six partners in an adaptation-oriented European cooperation project. The project scores rather high on group learning with participants learning from and – to a lesser extent – also with each other. Learning by partner organizations varied and was generally less whereas learning by external actors was very limited. The case study confirms our expectation that learning outcomes are produced by combinations of partner-specific, process-specific and process-external conditions. The presented framework and insights can be used to stimulate learning in and from international cooperation processes.     

Constructing collaborative communities of researchers in the environmental domain. A case study of interdisciplinary research between legal scholars and policy analysts

The article offers an analysis of the interactions between legal and policy science researchers within a European project on flood risk management using a “Policy Arrangement Approach” (PAA). While interdisciplinary research is increasingly becoming a ‘must’ in environmental governance, under what conditions is cooperation possible and desirable? Our analysis shows that the PAA is not mobilized as an interdisciplinary method, but offers a framework for researchers from different disciplines to learn to work together on a subject such as flooding, requiring interdisciplinary insights. The paper shows the steps that are progressively put in place to reach a common language and reformulate issues by benefitting from each other’s view and approaches. The article concludes by drawing attention to new means of knowledge production relating to so-called “messy” or “wicked” problems, such as environmental issues. Within this framework, interdisciplinary work is not considered to be a pre-condition for the study, but rather the result of the research process itself. The analysis draws attention to the actual (working) conditions established to create an interdisciplinary community of flooding practices by challenging disciplinary borders.     

摩托车齿轮类零件的工艺规程自动生成系统的研制

此文介绍了摩托车齿轮类零件的工艺规程自动生成系统。该系统直接从CAD系统中获取零件的有关信息,根据此文所建立的特征体素描述方法,自动生成零件的特征编码,采用零件自动识别的方法实现CAD/CAPP的信息集成,利用工艺知识库,通过工艺决策模型的分级推理,实现齿轮类零件的工艺过程设计的自动化。     

Convergences and divergences between scientific and Indigenous and Local Knowledge contribute to inform carnivore conservation

There is increasing recognition that diverse knowledge systems can work in mutually enriching ways and that Indigenous and Local Knowledge (ILK) can enhance biodiversity conservation. However, studies using scientific knowledge and ILK in a complementary manner, and acknowledging convergent and especially divergent insights have remained limited. In this study, we contrasted proxies of abundances and trends of threatened and conflict-prone carnivores (caracal, cheetah, jackal, lion, leopard, spotted hyaena, striped hyaena) derived separately from scientific knowledge and ILK. We conducted camera trapping, track surveys and semi-structured interviews with local pastoralists from northern Kenya. We found convergences highlighting the need for conservation action and divergences suggesting scientific ecological sampling limitations or underlying socio-psychological phenomena. Overall, our study shows that complementing scientific knowledge and ILK as separate sources of information and opening up space for discrepancies can enrich our understanding of the status and trends of carnivores, as well as recognizing human-carnivore relationships.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01443-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

多媒体数据库的知识发现

介绍了多媒体知识挖掘的基本结构,说明了不同类型多媒体数据挖掘的基本方法和技术,包括文本数据、图形图像音频数据、以及因特网上数据.     

《安全工程》专业(本科)的一个崭新的专业领域——计算机安全

以“计算机安全是安全科学的组成部分和安全工程专业开设《计算机安全》必修课”为观点，进一步论述了安全工程专业开设计算机安全专业的发展方向和现实意义，给出了建立该专业的一个教学计划（含课程设置）框架和说明，特别是该专业大学生的知识结构关系图和“横纵双向三段式”的培养模式