Pt负载暴露(001)晶面Bi2WO6催化剂合成及光催化性能

通过水热法制备了暴露（001）晶面的Bi₂WO₆纳米片,利用光还原法将Pt纳米颗粒负载于其表面.选择苯甲醇氧化和罗丹明B（RhB）降解为探针反应,评价了催化剂的光催化性能.在苯甲醇氧化实验中,Pt负载暴露001晶面的Bi₂WO₆样品的苯甲醇转化率为20.7%,约为未负载样品的2倍.在RhB降解实验中,Pt负载样品在光照40min后对RhB的矿化率可达81.1%,而未负载样品RhB矿化率仅为55.8%,表明Pt负载样品具有更优的降解速率和矿化能力.催化剂性能的提升归因于高能晶面暴露和Pt负载的协同作用.Pt纳米颗粒的负载作为助催化剂增加了催化剂表面的活性位点,同时提高了晶面光生电子空穴对的分离和迁移效率.     

基于格网GIS的重点生态功能区生态系统敏感性研究:以贵州省雷山县为例

为了科学地诊断出存在的环境问题,实现对生态环境的保护,以重点生态功能区雷山县为例,结合地形、地貌与气候等数据,以格网为评价单元,构建生态系统敏感性评价指标体系。采用层次分析法、区域综合法及格网GIS技术,对评价体系中各指标进行10 m×10 m尺度下的格网化表达,运用栅格数据的空间叠加方法及生态系统敏感性评价模型,综合评价雷山县生态系统敏感性空间格局。结果表明:雷山县生态系统敏感性较高,其中非敏感区和轻度敏感区面积较小,仅占总面积的5%和13.4%;其次是中度敏感区和极度敏感区,分别占总面积的26.3%和17%;高度敏感区面积最大,占总面积的38.3%。     

太原市大气扩散示踪试验

太原市位于山西中部,东、西两山夹峙,汾河南北中贯,地形北部较高,南部开放,西部有一缺口,是一个封闭不完全的盆地。风速较小,1971—1980年平均风速为2.5m/s,静风频率为24％。在无系统天气过境时,近地层气象十分复杂,城南和城北、河东和河西的地面风往往不同。 近年来,太原市大气污染日趋严重,我们于1985年10—11月在太原地区进行了大气扩散示踪试验,以期能对该地区大气污染物的输送和扩散有所了解。     

Influence of new town development on the urban heat island - The case of the Bundang area

Five new towns have been developed around the Seoul metropolitan area since 1996. However, these new towns generate lots of traffic and related problems in the areas including those new towns and Seoul as a result of increases in population and a lack of ecological-self-sufficiency. Currently, construction of another new town is under deliberation, and what should be a major consider is the notion that the new town be located within a wide, green zone. Many studies have revealed that green space can play an important role in improving urban eco-meteorological capability and air quality. In order to analyze the urban heat island which will be created by the new urban development, and to investigate the local thermal environment and its negative effects caused by a change of land use type and urbanization, Landsat TM images were used for extraction of urban surface temperature according to changes of land use over the last 15 years. These data are analyzed together with digital land use and topographic information. As a study result, it was found the urban heat island of the study area from 198.5 to 1999 rapidly developed which showed a difference of mean temperature above 2.0. Before the Bundang new town construction the temperature of the residential area was the same as a forest, but during the new town construction in 1991 analysis revealed the creation of an urban heat island. The temperature of a forest whose size is over 50% of the investigation area was lowest, and thus the presence of a forest is believed to have a direct cooling effect on the urban environment and its surroundings. The mean temperature of the residential and commercial areas in the study was found to be 4.5 higher than the forest, and therefore this part of land use is believed to be the main factor causing the temperature increase of the urban heat island.     

Morphophysiological Rearrangements in Fish in Response to Pollution (in the Light of S.S. Shvarts' Theory)

The results of a study on morphophysiological variation in fish inhabiting a subarctic lake exposed to chronic industrial pollution are described using an example of cisco, Coregonus lavaretus. It is shown that indices of the heart, liver, kidneys, gills, and fatness in these fish are increased significantly and have retained increased values for the past 20 years. The observed changes are analyzed on the basis of biochemical data. The results of studies on the dynamics of hematological parameters in fish are used for characterizing the development of toxicosis. Adaptive rearrangements associated with an increase in the metabolic rate and the activation of protective systems in the fish are explained in the context of S.S. Schvarts' concept. The idea is proposed that the additional energy cost of detoxification may be responsible for morphophysiological variation in fish under conditions of water pollution.     

电化学法测定粮食中铜的含量

在0.02mo1/L的六次甲基四胺(C6H12N4)缓冲液(pH 5.5)中,铜(Ⅱ)—6-苄基氨基嘌呤(6-BA)在KNO3存在下,于-0.50V左右(vs,SCE)产生一个尖锐、灵敏的二次导数极谱波,峰电流与铜(Ⅱ)浓度在1.0×10-5~3.0×10-7mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1×10-7mol.L-1。该方法用于粮食中铜的测定,结果满意。     

数值模拟结合SF_6示踪法确定煤层钻孔瓦斯抽采有效半径

为准确确定煤层钻孔的瓦斯抽采有效半径,实现最优钻孔设计及最佳抽采效果,根据煤层瓦斯流动理论与煤岩体变形理论,建立钻孔抽采煤层瓦斯的气固耦合数学模型。并利用COMSOLMultiphysics软件,模拟SF6气体在瓦斯渗流场内的运移过程。利用SF6气体示踪法进行现场测试。依据相似定律,结合模拟与实测结果确定钻孔抽采有效半径的范围。以黄陵集团一号煤矿306工作面为例进行试验研究。试验结果表明,模拟结果与实测结果基本吻合;在钻孔直径为94 mm,抽采负压为15 kPa的条件下,预抽30天后,试验工作面抽采有效半径为5.88 m。     

石化行业应用PDCA与6S结合的安全管理模式探讨——以催化裂解工艺为例

随着科学技术的不断进步和新材料、新工艺的不断应用,石化企业危险化学品的种类和数量逐渐增多,危险源和安全隐患日益突出,石化企业的发展迎来了安全生产的全新挑战。论述了PDCA循环管理和6s管理的概念、含义及实施步骤,分析了催化裂解阶段包括原料产品、反应装置等方面的危险性,提出将PDCA循环与6S管理相结合的管理模式应用到石化企业催化裂解阶段的具体内容和注意事项,应用PDCA与6S相结合的管理,有助于进一步创新石化企业安全管理模式,提高企业的安全管理水平。     

Development and application of LC–APCI–MS method for biomonitoring of animal and human exposure to imidacloprid

Imidacloprid (IMI) is a relatively new neuro-active neonicotinoid insecticide and nowadays one of the largest selling insecticides worldwide. In the present study a LC–APCI–MS based method was developed and validated for the quantification of imidacloprid and its main metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-CINA) in urine and hair specimens. The method was tested in biomonitoring of intentionally exposed animals and subsequently applied for biomonitoring of Cretan urban and rural population.     

Changes in TcpA gene frequency explain 2,4,6-trichlorophenol degradation in mesocosms

Soils are often polluted by chlorophenols in timber production areas in the northern hemisphere. The tcpA gene encodes the first step of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (246-TCP) degradation. We tested tcpA gene frequency in three natural pristine soils with different 246-TCP degradation capacity. Gene tcpA frequency increased more in spiked than non-spiked 10-L pails containing coniferous humus soil with high degradation capacity, in contrast to soils where degradation was slower. As the soil in each mesocosm originated from a spatially separate field plot, changes in tcpA gene frequency affected 246-TCP degradation over a range of soil origins. This indicates that the abundance of and changes in tcpA gene frequency could be utilized in estimating the efficacy of natural attenuation and biostimulation treatments in controlled conditions.